University of Zagreb. Faculty of Science. Department of Biology.
Abstract
Makrofiti su biljke koje rastu djelomično ili potpuno u vodi. Prema smještaju i načinu rasta u vodenom okolišu mogu se podijeliti na submerzne makrofite, makrofite ukorijenjene na dnu s plutajućim listovima, makrofite s listovima koji izlaze iz vode i slobodno plutajuće makrofite. Pod pojmom makrofita obuhvaćene su međusobno vrlo različite i nesrodne skupine te u njih ubrajamo vrste koje pripadaju sjemenjačama, papratnjačama, mahovinama i parožinama. Najvažnije prilagodbe makrofita na vodeni okoliš su aerenhim, slabija lignifikacija, tanka kutikula, povećanje površine submerznih listova, hidropoti te posebni enzimski mehanizmi za primanje ugljikovog dioksida. U ovom radu ukratko su opisani abiotički čimbenici koji utječu na rast i sastav zajednice makrofita (prozirnost vode, temperatura vode, sadržaj hranjivih tvari, osobine supstrata i kretanja vode). Također, najčešće vrste makrofita u Hrvatskoj podijeljene su prema smještaju u vodenom okolišu te su unutar tih ekoloških klasa opisane neke od važnijih zajednica.Macrophytes are plants that grow partially or fully submersed in water. Considering their habitat and growth form they can be classified as submersed macrophytes, macrophytes rooted underwater with floating leaves, macrophytes with leaves above water and free-floating macrophytes. Term macrophyte includes species from very different and phylogenetically unrelated groups (spermatophytes, pteridophytes, bryophytes and charophytes). The most important traits that help macrophtyes to adapt to their habitat include aerenchyma, poor lignification, thin cuticle, increased submersed leaf surface, hydropotes and special enzymatic mechanism for carbon dioxide uptake. This paper reviews abiotic parameters that affect growth and occurrence of macrophytes (water transparency, water temperature, water nutrition content, substrate characteristics and water movements). Also, most common macrophyte species that occur in Croatia are classified by their habitats and in that classes the most important plant associations are described
