Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii su gram negativne, katalaza pozitivne i strogo aerobne bakterije koje su razvile visoku rezistenciju na gotovo sve grupe antibiotika. Imaju veliku sposobnost brze prilagodbe na okolišni stres, te upravo stoga i predstavljaju sve veću prijetnju. Mehanizmi rezistencije se većinom temelje na pokretnim genskim elementima: transpozonima, integronima i 'insertion sequence' elementima. Oni pomažu u stvaranju rezistencije na sljedeće antibiotike: aminoglikozide, ß-laktame, kinolone, polimiksine, tetracikline i glicilcikline. Osim ovih mehanizama, u radu su opisane i molekularne metode analize i detekcije sojeva A. baumannii (analiza plazmida, ribotipizacija, metode temeljene na PCR-u, PFGE, AFLP i MLST metoda), te kliničke manifestacije infekcija sa gore navedenom bakterijom (upala pluća, infekcije krvnog toka i urinarnog trakta, meningitis).Acinetobacter baumannii are gram-negative, catalase-positive and strictly aerobic bacteria who have developed high resistance on almost every type of antibiotic. They have high ability for adaption on enviromental stress and, because of this, they present big threat in health institutions. Resistance mechanisms are mostly based on mobile genetic elements: transposons, integrons and insertion sequence elements. They are helping in creation of resistance at different types of antibiotics: aminoglycosides, ß-lactams, quinolones, polymyxins, tetracyclines and glycylcyclines. Except this mechanisms, in this work are described methods for moleclar analysis and detection of A.baumannii strains (plasmid analysis, ribotyping, PCR-based typing methods, PFGE, AFLP and MLST). Also, there is short reference to clinical manifestations of A.baumannii infections