The work focused on bone regeneration, membranes and implant surfaces in dentistry.
Starting from a clinical need widely shared in the dental field such as that of guided bone regeneration, were studied the development of biomaterials, membranes and implant surfaces. As for the biomaterials, were first analyzed the characteristics of autologous samples. The samples were stored at different time intervals and processed for analysis of cell viability, protein synthesis and gene expression. The results show how the preservation prolonged periods in conditions ex vivo induces an increased synthesis of inflammatory proteins such as TNF-α. Was recreated in an animal model a situation of sheep bone regeneration in the presence of TNF-α, indicating that such a state causes a slowdown in new bone formation also in qualitative terms.
Within the study of biomaterials have been studied different decellularization protocols for withdrawals heterologous bone. Later in vitro and animal model was used to evaluate the bone substitutes trade enriched with stem cells (SC). On the dog has been employed a biomaterial enriched in stem cell associated with dental implant. It was found that at sites enriched with SC has taken place better bone integration. On ovine model were performed in which the maxillary sinus lifts have tested other materials enriched with SC or less in order to investigate the presence of different cell populations and the ability of the anti-inflammatory SC. In sites with SC healing and formation of new bone matrix appear to be more rapid and more moderate inflammatory reaction.
Were also carried out studies of biocompatibility of synthetic bone substitutes. Regarding the membranes were developed and tested in vitro different decellularization protocols for treat membranes developed from bovine pericardium. Later the same have been tested in vivo mouse model.
In parallel has been studied in vitro a synthetic membrane of polyethylene glycol with MTT assay and with arrays for genetic control. The results show be sure the application and PCR confirmation cell differentiation osteoblastic and endothelial. About dental implants has been studied a new implant surface ionized and treated with SC. These tests were performed in vitro and PCR tests to investigate the type of protein that was developed in contact with the surface. This treatment allows a greater cell proliferation, a higher cell differentiation with cells that adhere with good osteocitary morphology and that are genetically stable
