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On the Interpretation of Climate Change in the Tropical Pacific

Abstract

Analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) observations of the last 150 years reveals strong changes in the tropical Pacific climate system during the most recent decades. These changes can be best described as a slow variation of the mean state of the tropical Pacific. The superimposed interannual variability associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon does not exhibit any significant changes. However, the change in the mean state is “El Niño-like”, with many aspects observed during present-day El Niño events. Thus, the change in the mean state biasses the SSTs in the tropical Pacific towards the warm side, which explains the stronger and more frequent El Niños observed during the recent decades

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