The past few years have seen tremendous developments in information production, acquisition, and dissemination. Providing access to information free of charge in electronic formats is a concept that is gaining momentum. Open Access is one step ahead of Free Access. Open Access holds promise to remove both price and permission barriers to the scientific communication by using Internet. Creation of open access archives is a step towards redefining open access. E-LIS is a famous international disciplinary archive in Library and Information Science.  The present paper describes creation and maintenance of E-LIS.  It also includes content analysis of this archive

Hirwade, Mangala

Mahajan, Kartika

English

E-LIS repository

 1
E-LIS:  A Step towards redefining Open Access 
 
 
Dr (Smt) Mangala Hirwade    Ms. Kartika Mahajan 
Librarian      Student, MLISC - II 
Shivaji Science College     DLIS, RTM Nagpur University, 
Congress Nagar, Nagpur    Nagpur    
hirwade2004@indiatimes.com 
hmangala@rediffmail.com  
 
 
 
Abstract: The past few years have seen tremendous developments in information production, 
acquisition, and dissemination. Providing access to information free of charge in electronic 
formats is a concept that is gaining momentum. Open Access is one step ahead of Free Access. 
Open Access holds promise to remove both price and permission barriers to the scientific 
communication by using Internet. Creation of open access archives is a step towards redefining 
open access. E-LIS is a famous international disciplinary archive in Library and Information 
Science.  The present paper describes creation and maintenance of E-LIS.  It also includes 
content analysis of this archive.  
 
 
1.     INTRODUCTION 
 
Open access to scholarly information is a burning issue in web based education and 
research nowadays. Open access has become an increasingly important and potentially 
divisive issue in recent years, as journal inflation rates have increased. For many 
librarians and scholars, journal price inflation is itself the central problem and open 
access is the solution. 
 
Open access holds promise to remove both price and permission barriers to the 
scientific communication by using Internet. In fact, ‘Open Access’ (OA) is a step ahead 
of “Free Access” which removes just the price barriers by providing free access to end-
users. Open Access removes the permission barriers as well. In other words, under 
open Access, the end user not only has free access to the content but also have the 
right to further distribute the content. 1 
 2
 
2. REDEFINING OPEN ACCESS 
 
According to Budapest Open Access Initiative, Open Access can be defined as “Free 
availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, 
distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles crawl them for indexing, 
pass them and data to software, or technical barriers others than those inseparable from 
gaining access to the internet itself. Authors control over the integrity of their work and 
the right to be properly acknowledges and cited. The literature that should be freely 
accessible online is that which scholars give to the world without expectation of 
payment.” 2 
 
There are two primary vehicles for delivering open access to research literature viz.  
• Open Access Journals 
• Open Access Archives 
3.     OPEN ACCESS ARCHIVES  
 
Open Access self-archiving model is liberal on peer review. It simply provides persistent 
digital repository where authors/ owners of the content may archive their documents 
(Pre-referred or Post-referred). 
Self –archiving can be achieved in three ways viz. 
• Putting articles on author web sites. 
• Depositing articles in disciplinary archives. 
• Depositing articles in institutional archives and repositories. 
 
4.     DISCIPLINARY ARCHIVE 
 
A disciplinary archive provides access to e-prints for one scholarly discipline or multiple 
scholarly disciplines. A disciplinary archive can be searched or browsed. E-LIS is the 
famous disciplinary archives for library and information science. 
 
5.   E-LIS 
E-LIS means E-prints for Library and Information Science (E-LIS) is an international 
open access archive for e-prints related to Librarianship, Information Science and 
 3
Technology, and related application disciplines, in keeping with the objectives of the E-
prints movement and the free online scholarship (FOS) Movement. 
 
E-LIS was formed in 2003 for the deposit of documents in the Library and Information 
Science (LIS) domain. It is the first international e-server in this subject area. E-LIS 
resulted from the RCLIS (Research in Computing, Library and Information Science) 
Projects DOIS (Documents in Information Science) promoted by the Spanish Ministry of 
culture. E-LIS relies on the voluntary work of individuals from a wide range of 
background and is non-commercial.3 
 
6. CHARACTERISTICS OF E-LIS 
 
The characteristics of E-LIS are  
• Storages and distribution of data from a single location; 
• Centralized access control over the supply and re-use of data; 
• Checking, cleaning and processing of data according to standard criteria; 
• Centralized support service for describing the contents of the data, 
 defining the principles and practices governing the collection of the data,  and 
 other relevant properties of the data; 
• Cataloguing of the technical and substantive properties of the data for 
 information retrieval and, 
• User support following the supply of data. 
• An international team of librarians maintains E-LIS. 
• E-LIS site is running on open source software. The archive is based on GNU 
 Eprints archive-creating software. 
• E-LIS is accessible in two complementary ways. Firstly browsable views  are 
 available author/editor, book/journal, subject, country and year. Secondly a 
 search engine is provided in order to seek the bibliographic descriptions. 
 Browsing and searching are anonymous. 
 
 
 
 
 
 4
Figure No. 1:   Home Page of E-LIS 
 
 
7.     SUBJECT WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS 
 
Library and Information Science is a manifold subject having various aspects. It has 
been observed that E-LIS has made several sub sections to manage the collection of E-
prints.  Total 12 subject Headings are used by E-LIS.  The details are shown in Table 
No. 1  
 
Table No. 1: Subject wise distribution of E-print in E-LIS (28-06-06) 
 
Sr. No Subject Heading No. of prints % 
1 Information Sources, Supports, Channels 1067 17.88 
2 Information use & sociology of information 915 15.33 
3 Information treatments for information services 684 11.46 
4 Information technology & Library technology 682 11.43 
5 Libraries as Physical collections 592 9.92 
6 Publishing & Legal Issues 427 7.16 
7 Technical Services in Library Archives, Museum 339 5.68 
8 Theoretical & general aspects of LIS 333 5.58 
9 Management 326 5.46 
10 Industry, Profession & Education 306 5.13 
11 Users, Literacy & Reading 275 4.61 
12 Housing technologies 21 0.35 
Total 5,967 100 
 5
It has been observed from Table No. 1 that total 5967 e-prints are available in E-LIS as 
on 28.06.2006. ‘Information Sources, Supports and Channels’ is the dominating subject 
heading having 1067 (17.88%) e-prints. It is followed by the subject heading ‘Information 
use & sociology of information’ having 915 (15.33%) e-prints.  The minimum e-prints are 
reported in the subject heading ‘Housing Technology’ i.e. only 21 (0.35%). 
 
8.    CONTINENT WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS 
 
 
The continent wise distribution of E-prints in E-LIS as on 28.06.2006 is shown in Table 
No. 2.  It has been observed that Europe dominates in the number of e-prints included in 
E-LIS i.e. 2292 (38.41%).   It is closely followed by others group. 872 (14.61%) e-prints 
from North and Central America are included. Only 378 (6.33%) e-prints from Asia are 
included.  
 
Table No.2: Continent wise distribution of E-prints in E-LIS (as on  28-06-06) 
 
Sr. No. Continent No. of E-prints Percentage 
1 Europe 2292 38.41 
2 America-North & Central America 872 14.61 
3 Asia 378 6.33 
4 America-South America 317 5.31 
5 Oceania 33 0.55 
6 Africa 31 0.52 
7 Others 2044 34.26 
Total 5,967 100.00 
 
 
9.    COUNTRY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS IN ASIA 
 
Total 378 e-prints from Asia are included in E-LIS.  The country wise distribution shows 
that the maximum e-prints are from India i.e. 234 (61.90%) followed by China i.e. 65 
(17.20 and the by Indonesia i.e. 24 (6.35%).  The details are shown in Table No. 3.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6
Table No.3: Country wise ASIA distribution of E-prints in E-LIS (28-06-06) 
 
Sr. No. Country No. of  
E-prints 
Percentage 
1 Bangladesh 2 0.54 
2 China 65 17.20 
3 India 234 61.91 
4 Indonesia 24 6.35 
5 Iran 16 4.23 
6 Israel 1 0.26 
7 Japan 4 1.06 
8 Kuwait 3 0.79 
9 Lebanon 1 0.26 
10 Malaysia 1 0.26 
11 Nepal 1 0.26 
12 Pakistan 9 2.38 
13 Philippines 2 0.54 
14 Singapore 1 0.26 
15 South Korea 1 0.26 
16 Sri Lanka 2 0.54 
17 Taiwan 1 0.26 
18 Thailand 8 2.12 
19 United Arab Emirates 1 0.26 
20 Vietnam 1 0.26 
 Total 378  100 
 
10. COUNTRY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS IN AFRICA 
 
Country wise distribution of e-prints in Africa shows the dominance of South Africa. Out 
of 31 total e-prints, 24 (77.41%) are from South Africa.  The details are illustrated in 
Table No. 4 
Table No. 4: Country wise distribution of E-prints in E-LIS in Africa  (28-06-06) 
 
Sr. No. Country No. of E-
prints 
Percentage 
1 Botswana 1 3.23 
2 Kenya 1 3.23 
3 Senegal 2 6.44 
4 Zambia 1 3.23 
5 Nigeria 1 3.23 
 7
6 South Africa 24 77.41 
7 Zimbabwe 1 3.23 
Total 31 100 
 
11. COUNTRY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS IN NORTH AND 
 CENTRAL AMERICA 
 
The dominating country from North and Central America in contributing maximum e-
prints to LIS is Cuba with 360 e-prints forming 41.28%.  It is followed by USA i.e. 259 
(29.70%) e-prints.  The details are included in Table No. 5 
 
Table No. 5: Country wise distribution of E-prints in E-LIS in North and Central America 
(28-06-06) 
 
Sr. No. Country No. of E-prints Percentage 
1 Canada 81 9.28 
2 Costa Rica 9 1.03 
3 Cuba 360 41.28 
4 El-salvador 1 0.12 
5 Mexico 159 18.23 
6 Nicaragua  1 0.12 
7 Puerto Rico 2 0.24 
8 United State 259 29.70 
Total 872 100 
 
 
12.    COUNTRY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS IN SOUTH AMERICA 
 
The dominating country from South America in contributing maximum e-prints to LIS is 
Brazil with 99 e-prints forming 31.23%.  It is followed by Argentina i.e. 70 (22.08%) e-
prints.  The details are included in Table No. 6 
 
Table No. 6: Country wise South America distribution of E-prints in E-LIS  
 (as on 28-06-06) 
 
Sr. No. Country No. of E-prints Percentage 
1 Argentina 70 22.08 
2 Bolivia 22 6.94 
3 Brazil 99 31.23 
4 Chile 44 13.88 
5 Columbia 23 7.26 
 8
6 Peru 1 0.32 
7 Uruguay 4 1.26 
8 Venezuela 4 1.26 
9 Others 50 15.77 
 Total 317 100 
 
 
13. COUNTRY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS IN EUROPE 
 
The dominating country from Europe in contributing maximum e-prints to LIS is Spain 
with 725 e-prints forming 31.63%.  It is followed by Italy i.e. 571 (24.91%) e-prints.  The 
details are included in Table No.7 
 
Table No. 7: Country wise Europe (2322) distribution of E-prints in E-LIS (28-06-06) 
 
Sr. 
No. 
Country No. of 
E-prints 
Percentage 
1 Austria 42 1.83 
2 Belgium 33 1.44 
3 Bosnia Herzegobina 10 0.44 
4 Bulgaria 6 0.26 
5 Croatia 80 3.49 
6 Cyprus 13 0.57 
7 Czech Republic 7 0.31 
8 Denmark 7 0.31 
9 Estonia 1 0.04 
10 Finland 6 0.26 
11 France 38 1.66 
12 Germany 128 5.58 
13 Greece 50 2.18 
14 Italy 571 24.91 
15 Luxemburg 1 0.04 
16 Norway 4 0.18 
17 Poland 31 1.35 
18 Portugal 14 0.61 
19 Republic of Ireland 2 0.087 
20 Romania 2 0.087 
21 Russia 5 0.22 
22 Serbia & Montenegro 113 4.93 
23 Slovakia 2 0.087 
 9
24 Slovenia 2 0.087 
25 Spain 725 31.63 
26 Sweden 11 0.48 
27 Switzerland 32 1.40 
28 Netherlands 34 1.48 
29 Turkey 80 3.49 
30 Ukraine 2 0.087 
31 United Kingdom 240 10.47 
 Total 2292 100 
 
14. COUNTRY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS IN OCEANIA 
 
The dominating country from Oceania in contributing maximum e-prints to LIS is 
New Zealand with 18 e-prints forming 54.55%.  It is followed by Australia i.e. 15 
(45.45%) e-prints.  The details are included in Table No. 8 
Table No. 8: Country wise Oceania (33) distribution of E-prints in E-LIS 
(as on 28-06-06) 
 
Sr. No. Country No. of E-prints Percentage 
1 Australia 15 45.45 
2 New Zealand 18 54.55 
 Total 33 100 
 
15. YEAR WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS  
 
Table No. 9 shows year wise distribution of e-prints in E-LIS.  It has been 
observed that the maximum e-prints are being published or submitted to E-LIS in 
the time period of 2000 to present.  This means that E-LIS covers the most 
recent information. 3056 (51.22%) e-prints are from the period 2000to present 
are included followed by year 1950-1960 time period i.e. 2093 (35.08%).   
Table No. 9: Year wise distribution of E-prints in E-LIS 
 
Sr. No. Year No. of E-prints Percentage 
1 1950-1960 2093 35.08 
2 1960-1970 1 0.02 
3 1970-1980 1 0.02 
4 1980-1990 10 0.17 
5 1990-2000 806 13.51 
6 2000-Present 3056 51.22 
Total 5967 100.00 
 
 10
16. INDIAN CONTRIBUTION IN E-LIS 
It has been observed that Indian authors are contributing to E-LIS generously. In 
Asia continent, India is the most dominant country in the contribution of e-prints 
to E-LIS. The contribution of Indian authors to E-LIS has been studied in detail 
during the project.  Total 234 E-prints are contributed by Indian authors to E-LIS. 
17. AUTHORSHIP PATTERN OF INDIAN CONTRIBUTORS TO E-LIS 
The authorship pattern of Indian contributors to E-LIS has been shown in Table 
No. 10.  It has been observed that Joint authorship pattern is dominant with 80 e-
prints (i.e. 34.19%) followed by Single Authorship i.e. 74 (31.62%) e-prints. Only 
one example of Institutional Authorship is observed.  
Table No.10: Indian contribution in E-LIS articles 
Sr. No. Authorship & pattern No. of Articles Percentage 
1 Single author 74 31.62 
2 Double author 80 34.19 
3 Three author 49 20.94 
4 Four author 30 12.82 
5 Institutional author 01 0.43 
Total 234 100 
18. TOTAL NUMBER OF INDIAN CONTRIBUTORS 
It is observed from Table No. 11 that total 502 Indian authors contributed 234 
articles in E-LIS.  This table has been used to rank the authors.  
 
 
 
 
 11
Table No. 11: Total number of Indian contributors 
Sr. No. Authorship No. of e-prints Total authors 
1 Single author 74 74 
2 Double author 80 160            
(80 X 2) 
3 Three author 49 147           
(49 X 3) 
4 Four author 30 120                     
(30 X 4) 
5 Institutional author 001 001 
 Total 234 502 
19. RANKING OF INDIAN AUTHORS 
The ranked list of Indian authors is reported in Table No. 12.  It has been 
observed that the maximum articles contributed to LIS from Indian authors is by 
V.L. Kalyane i.e. 68, followed by Vijay Kumar at second position with 27 articles, 
closely followed by Kademani B.S. at third position with 26 articles. 
Table No.12:  Ranked List of Indian Authors 
Sr. No. Rank Name of Author No. of articles 
1 I Kalyane, V. L 68 
2 II Vijai Kumar 27 
3 III Kademani, B. S. 26 
4 IV Raman Nair, R. 21 
5 IV Prakasan, E. R. 21 
6 V Vijayakumar, J. K. 18 
7 VI Sen, B. K 16 
8 VI Angadi, Mallikarjun 16 
9 VII Koganuramath, M.M. 14 
10 VII Das, Anup Kumar 14 
11 VIII Anil Kumar 11 
12 IX Swarna, T. 10 
13 X Murthy, T. A. V. 9 
14 XI Chandra, Harish 8 
15 XI Anil Sagar 8 
16 XII Vijayakumar, Manju 6 
17 XII  Singhal, Madhuresh 6 
18 XII Ghosh, T. B. 6 
 12
19 XII Francis, A. T. 6 
20 XII Devarai, Rajashekhar S. 6 
21 XIII Sonker, Sharad Kumar 5 
22 XIII Kalyane, S. V. 5 
23 XIII Jange, Suresh 5 
24 XIII Dutta, Bidyarthi 5 
25 XIV Khan, M. T. M. 4 
26 XIV Kadam, S. N 4 
27 XIV Basimalla, Solomon Raju 4 
28 XV Prasanna, T.S. 3 
29 XV Lewison, Grant 3 
30 XV Lalit Mohan 3 
31 XV Kademani, A. B. 3 
32 XV Dutta, Chaitali 3 
33 XVI Vidyasagar Rao, K 2 
34 XVI Upadhye, R.P. 2 
35 XVI Tiew, Wai Sin 2 
36 XVI Srivastava, Divya 2 
37 XVI Sreenivasulu, V. 2 
38 XVI Shivakumar, A. S. 2 
39 XVI Shashi Nath, S. 2 
40 XVI Sangam, S. L.  2 
41 XVI  Sagar, Anil 2 
42 XVI Prakash, Thushara 2 
43 XVI Patel, Yatrik 2 
44 XVI Parmar, Arvind Singh 2 
45 XVI Munnolli, S. S. 2 
46 XVI Mulla, K. R. 2 
47 XVI Maruthu Pandian, B. 2 
48 XVI Manjunath, G.K. 2 
49 XVI Kundra, Ramesh 2 
50 XVI Kumar, Sanghmitra A. 2 
51 XVI Karanjai, Aruna 2 
52 XVI Kanamadi, Satish T. 2 
53 XVI Jayakanth, Francis 2 
54 XVI Hosamani, H. G. 2 
55 XVI Gunjal, Bhojaraju 2 
56 XVI Chandrashekar, M. 2 
57 XVII Weerasooriya, W.A. 1 
58 XVII Venkatappaiah, V.  1 
59 XVII Venkatalakshmi, K.  1 
60 XVII Varalakshmi  1 
61 XVII Tiew, W. S.  1 
62 XVII Tara Ashok,  1 
63 XVII Taib, C.A.b. 1 
 13
64 XVII Surwase, Ganesh 1 
65 XVII  Subramanian,  1 
66 XVII Story, Alan  1 
67 XVII Singh, Sukhdev 1 
68 XVII Singh, Manoj  1 
69 XVII Shyamala 1 
70 XVII Shukla, B. K.  1 
71 XVII Shadrach, B.  1 
72 XVII Savanur, Kiran  1 
73 XVII Satyanarayana, K.  1 
74 XVII  Sampat Kumar, B. T.  1 
75 XVII Samanta, R. K  1 
76 XVII Sahu, Satya Ranjan  1 
77 XVII Sahu, D.K.  1 
78 XVII Rudrabatla,  1 
79 XVII Raveendran, Asari K 1 
80 XVII Rana, Madan S. 1 
81 XVII Ramesh, L. S. R. C. V. 1 
82 XVII Ramesh, Badnapuri  1 
83 XVII Pujar, S.M.  1 
84 XVII Pothare, R. C. 1 
85 XVII Pitroda, Sam  1 
86 XVII Phool Chand 1 
87 XVII Pandita, Naina  1 
88 XVII Padmamma, S.  1 
89 XVII Nagaraju, A. V. S. S.  1 
90 XVII Nabar, Geeta W.  1 
91 XVII Munshi, Usha M 1 
92 XVII Moorthy, R  1 
93 XVII Mishra, Shesh  1 
94 XVII Mehta, Pratap Bhanu  1 
95 XVII Mannan, Adam.  1 
96 XVII Manjunath, M.  1 
97 XVII  Mandal, Minati  1 
98 XVII Madan, V. K.  1 
99 XVII Ling, Lim Bee 1 
100 XVII Lal, Banwari  1 
101 XVII Kushwah, Shivpal Singh 1 
102 XVII Kumbar, M F  1 
103 XVII Kumar, Pradeep  1 
104 XVII Kulkarni, Sheshagiri R.  1 
105 XVII Keen, Khong Wye  1 
106 XVII Kaur, Kiran  1 
107 XVII Kamble, Pradeep S 1 
108 XVII Kadli, Jayadev H. 1 
 14
109 XVII Jeevan, V.K.J.  1 
110 XVII Jain, N. C. 1 
111 XVII Hussain, M. V.  1 
112 XVII Hussain, K. H. 1 
113 XVII Humayoon Kabir, K.  1 
114 XVII Hiremath, C. V.  1 
115 XVII Hazarika, Tilak  1 
116 XVII Hassan, M.F.b.  1 
117 XVII Halbert, Debora 1 
118 XVII Gupta, Rajiv  1 
119 XVII Gudodagi, Shashikant C. 1 
120 XVII Goswami, Kusuma 1 
121 XVII Ghosh, S. B. 1 
122 XVII Garai, Atanu 1 
123 XVII Ganguly, Ashok 1 
124 XVII Gaba, Surinder Kumar 1 
125 XVII Dutt, Bharvi 1 
126 XVII Dhiman, A. K. 1 
127 XVII Devarai, Kanyakumari S. 1 
128 XVII Deokattey, Sangeeta 1 
129 XVII Das, Pritimoni 1 
130 XVII Darch, Colin 1 
131 XVII Damodaram, T. 1 
132 XVII Cholin, V. S. 1 
133 XVII Chikkamallaiah 1 
134 XVII Chawla, A. 1 
135 XVII Chan, Leslie 1 
136 XVII Bhattacharya, Sujit 1 
137 XVII Bhatt, Rakesh K. 1 
138 XVII Bhargava, P.M.  1 
139 XVII Basu, Aparna 1 
140 XVII Bandi, Anand 1 
141 XVII Balakrishnan, M. R. 1 
142 XVII Arunachalam, Subbiah 1 
143 XVII Arora, Jagdish 1 
144 XVII Agarwal, Sunita 1 
145 XVII Abdullah, Abrizah 1 
146 XVII Abdul Razak, C. 1 
 
20. CONCLUSION 
 
Open access is a burning topic today and it is the need of the hour. Academic and 
research communities should realize this fact and should submit their research works to 
open access archives so that their work can be widely accessed throughout the world. 
 15
E-LIS is a disciplinary archive dedicated to the subject Library and Information Science 
and it is a step towards redefining open access. 
 
REFERENCES 
 
1. Suber, Peter. A very brief introduction to Open  Access.  
<http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/brief.htm>(Accessed on 25-06-2006)  
 
2. Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002)  
<http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read.shtml>( Accessed on 24-06-2006) 
 
3. E-LIS, E-prints in Library & Information Science.  
      <http://eprints.rclis.org>   (Accessed on 25.06.2006) 
 


E-LIS : a step towards redefining Open Access

E-LIS

 1E-LIS:  A Step towards redefining Open Access   Dr (Smt) Mangala Hirwade    Ms. Kartika Mahajan Librarian      Student, MLISC - II Shivaji Science College     DLIS, RTM Nagpur University, Congress Nagar, Nagpur    Nagpur    hirwade2004@indiatimes.com hmangala@rediffmail.com     Abstract: The past few years have seen tremendous developments in information production, acquisition, and dissemination. Providing access to information free of charge in electronic formats is a concept that is gaining momentum. Open Access is one step ahead of Free Access. Open Access holds promise to remove both price and permission barriers to the scientific communication by using Internet. Creation of open access archives is a step towards redefining open access. E-LIS is a famous international disciplinary archive in Library and Information Science.  The present paper describes creation and maintenance of E-LIS.  It also includes content analysis of this archive.    1.     INTRODUCTION  Open access to scholarly information is a burning issue in web based education and research nowadays. Open access has become an increasingly important and potentially divisive issue in recent years, as journal inflation rates have increased. For many librarians and scholars, journal price inflation is itself the central problem and open access is the solution.  Open access holds promise to remove both price and permission barriers to the scientific communication by using Internet. In fact, ‘Open Access’ (OA) is a step ahead of “Free Access” which removes just the price barriers by providing free access to end-users. Open Access removes the permission barriers as well. In other words, under open Access, the end user not only has free access to the content but also have the right to further distribute the content. 1  2 2. REDEFINING OPEN ACCESS  According to Budapest Open Access Initiative, Open Access can be defined as “Free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles crawl them for indexing, pass them and data to software, or technical barriers others than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. Authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledges and cited. The literature that should be freely accessible online is that which scholars give to the world without expectation of payment.” 2  There are two primary vehicles for delivering open access to research literature viz.  • Open Access Journals • Open Access Archives 3.     OPEN ACCESS ARCHIVES   Open Access self-archiving model is liberal on peer review. It simply provides persistent digital repository where authors/ owners of the content may archive their documents (Pre-referred or Post-referred). Self –archiving can be achieved in three ways viz. • Putting articles on author web sites. • Depositing articles in disciplinary archives. • Depositing articles in institutional archives and repositories.  4.     DISCIPLINARY ARCHIVE  A disciplinary archive provides access to e-prints for one scholarly discipline or multiple scholarly disciplines. A disciplinary archive can be searched or browsed. E-LIS is the famous disciplinary archives for library and information science.  5.   E-LIS E-LIS means E-prints for Library and Information Science (E-LIS) is an international open access archive for e-prints related to Librarianship, Information Science and  3Technology, and related application disciplines, in keeping with the objectives of the E-prints movement and the free online scholarship (FOS) Movement.  E-LIS was formed in 2003 for the deposit of documents in the Library and Information Science (LIS) domain. It is the first international e-server in this subject area. E-LIS resulted from the RCLIS (Research in Computing, Library and Information Science) Projects DOIS (Documents in Information Science) promoted by the Spanish Ministry of culture. E-LIS relies on the voluntary work of individuals from a wide range of background and is non-commercial.3  6. CHARACTERISTICS OF E-LIS  The characteristics of E-LIS are  • Storages and distribution of data from a single location; • Centralized access control over the supply and re-use of data; • Checking, cleaning and processing of data according to standard criteria; • Centralized support service for describing the contents of the data,  defining the principles and practices governing the collection of the data,  and  other relevant properties of the data; • Cataloguing of the technical and substantive properties of the data for  information retrieval and, • User support following the supply of data. • An international team of librarians maintains E-LIS. • E-LIS site is running on open source software. The archive is based on GNU  Eprints archive-creating software. • E-LIS is accessible in two complementary ways. Firstly browsable views  are  available author/editor, book/journal, subject, country and year. Secondly a  search engine is provided in order to seek the bibliographic descriptions.  Browsing and searching are anonymous.       4Figure No. 1:   Home Page of E-LIS   7.     SUBJECT WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS  Library and Information Science is a manifold subject having various aspects. It has been observed that E-LIS has made several sub sections to manage the collection of E-prints.  Total 12 subject Headings are used by E-LIS.  The details are shown in Table No. 1   Table No. 1: Subject wise distribution of E-print in E-LIS (28-06-06)  Sr. No Subject Heading No. of prints % 1 Information Sources, Supports, Channels 1067 17.88 2 Information use & sociology of information 915 15.33 3 Information treatments for information services 684 11.46 4 Information technology & Library technology 682 11.43 5 Libraries as Physical collections 592 9.92 6 Publishing & Legal Issues 427 7.16 7 Technical Services in Library Archives, Museum 339 5.68 8 Theoretical & general aspects of LIS 333 5.58 9 Management 326 5.46 10 Industry, Profession & Education 306 5.13 11 Users, Literacy & Reading 275 4.61 12 Housing technologies 21 0.35 Total 5,967 100  5It has been observed from Table No. 1 that total 5967 e-prints are available in E-LIS as on 28.06.2006. ‘Information Sources, Supports and Channels’ is the dominating subject heading having 1067 (17.88%) e-prints. It is followed by the subject heading ‘Information use & sociology of information’ having 915 (15.33%) e-prints.  The minimum e-prints are reported in the subject heading ‘Housing Technology’ i.e. only 21 (0.35%).  8.    CONTINENT WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS   The continent wise distribution of E-prints in E-LIS as on 28.06.2006 is shown in Table No. 2.  It has been observed that Europe dominates in the number of e-prints included in E-LIS i.e. 2292 (38.41%).   It is closely followed by others group. 872 (14.61%) e-prints from North and Central America are included. Only 378 (6.33%) e-prints from Asia are included.   Table No.2: Continent wise distribution of E-prints in E-LIS (as on  28-06-06)  Sr. No. Continent No. of E-prints Percentage 1 Europe 2292 38.41 2 America-North & Central America 872 14.61 3 Asia 378 6.33 4 America-South America 317 5.31 5 Oceania 33 0.55 6 Africa 31 0.52 7 Others 2044 34.26 Total 5,967 100.00   9.    COUNTRY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS IN ASIA  Total 378 e-prints from Asia are included in E-LIS.  The country wise distribution shows that the maximum e-prints are from India i.e. 234 (61.90%) followed by China i.e. 65 (17.20 and the by Indonesia i.e. 24 (6.35%).  The details are shown in Table No. 3.           6Table No.3: Country wise ASIA distribution of E-prints in E-LIS (28-06-06)  Sr. No. Country No. of  E-prints Percentage 1 Bangladesh 2 0.54 2 China 65 17.20 3 India 234 61.91 4 Indonesia 24 6.35 5 Iran 16 4.23 6 Israel 1 0.26 7 Japan 4 1.06 8 Kuwait 3 0.79 9 Lebanon 1 0.26 10 Malaysia 1 0.26 11 Nepal 1 0.26 12 Pakistan 9 2.38 13 Philippines 2 0.54 14 Singapore 1 0.26 15 South Korea 1 0.26 16 Sri Lanka 2 0.54 17 Taiwan 1 0.26 18 Thailand 8 2.12 19 United Arab Emirates 1 0.26 20 Vietnam 1 0.26  Total 378  100  10. COUNTRY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS IN AFRICA  Country wise distribution of e-prints in Africa shows the dominance of South Africa. Out of 31 total e-prints, 24 (77.41%) are from South Africa.  The details are illustrated in Table No. 4 Table No. 4: Country wise distribution of E-prints in E-LIS in Africa  (28-06-06)  Sr. No. Country No. of E-prints Percentage 1 Botswana 1 3.23 2 Kenya 1 3.23 3 Senegal 2 6.44 4 Zambia 1 3.23 5 Nigeria 1 3.23  76 South Africa 24 77.41 7 Zimbabwe 1 3.23 Total 31 100  11. COUNTRY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS IN NORTH AND  CENTRAL AMERICA  The dominating country from North and Central America in contributing maximum e-prints to LIS is Cuba with 360 e-prints forming 41.28%.  It is followed by USA i.e. 259 (29.70%) e-prints.  The details are included in Table No. 5  Table No. 5: Country wise distribution of E-prints in E-LIS in North and Central America (28-06-06)  Sr. No. Country No. of E-prints Percentage 1 Canada 81 9.28 2 Costa Rica 9 1.03 3 Cuba 360 41.28 4 El-salvador 1 0.12 5 Mexico 159 18.23 6 Nicaragua  1 0.12 7 Puerto Rico 2 0.24 8 United State 259 29.70 Total 872 100   12.    COUNTRY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS IN SOUTH AMERICA  The dominating country from South America in contributing maximum e-prints to LIS is Brazil with 99 e-prints forming 31.23%.  It is followed by Argentina i.e. 70 (22.08%) e-prints.  The details are included in Table No. 6  Table No. 6: Country wise South America distribution of E-prints in E-LIS   (as on 28-06-06)  Sr. No. Country No. of E-prints Percentage 1 Argentina 70 22.08 2 Bolivia 22 6.94 3 Brazil 99 31.23 4 Chile 44 13.88 5 Columbia 23 7.26  86 Peru 1 0.32 7 Uruguay 4 1.26 8 Venezuela 4 1.26 9 Others 50 15.77  Total 317 100   13. COUNTRY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS IN EUROPE  The dominating country from Europe in contributing maximum e-prints to LIS is Spain with 725 e-prints forming 31.63%.  It is followed by Italy i.e. 571 (24.91%) e-prints.  The details are included in Table No.7  Table No. 7: Country wise Europe (2322) distribution of E-prints in E-LIS (28-06-06)  Sr. No. Country No. of E-prints Percentage 1 Austria 42 1.83 2 Belgium 33 1.44 3 Bosnia Herzegobina 10 0.44 4 Bulgaria 6 0.26 5 Croatia 80 3.49 6 Cyprus 13 0.57 7 Czech Republic 7 0.31 8 Denmark 7 0.31 9 Estonia 1 0.04 10 Finland 6 0.26 11 France 38 1.66 12 Germany 128 5.58 13 Greece 50 2.18 14 Italy 571 24.91 15 Luxemburg 1 0.04 16 Norway 4 0.18 17 Poland 31 1.35 18 Portugal 14 0.61 19 Republic of Ireland 2 0.087 20 Romania 2 0.087 21 Russia 5 0.22 22 Serbia & Montenegro 113 4.93 23 Slovakia 2 0.087  924 Slovenia 2 0.087 25 Spain 725 31.63 26 Sweden 11 0.48 27 Switzerland 32 1.40 28 Netherlands 34 1.48 29 Turkey 80 3.49 30 Ukraine 2 0.087 31 United Kingdom 240 10.47  Total 2292 100  14. COUNTRY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS IN OCEANIA  The dominating country from Oceania in contributing maximum e-prints to LIS is New Zealand with 18 e-prints forming 54.55%.  It is followed by Australia i.e. 15 (45.45%) e-prints.  The details are included in Table No. 8 Table No. 8: Country wise Oceania (33) distribution of E-prints in E-LIS (as on 28-06-06)  Sr. No. Country No. of E-prints Percentage 1 Australia 15 45.45 2 New Zealand 18 54.55  Total 33 100  15. YEAR WISE DISTRIBUTION OF E-PRINTS IN E-LIS   Table No. 9 shows year wise distribution of e-prints in E-LIS.  It has been observed that the maximum e-prints are being published or submitted to E-LIS in the time period of 2000 to present.  This means that E-LIS covers the most recent information. 3056 (51.22%) e-prints are from the period 2000to present are included followed by year 1950-1960 time period i.e. 2093 (35.08%).   Table No. 9: Year wise distribution of E-prints in E-LIS  Sr. No. Year No. of E-prints Percentage 1 1950-1960 2093 35.08 2 1960-1970 1 0.02 3 1970-1980 1 0.02 4 1980-1990 10 0.17 5 1990-2000 806 13.51 6 2000-Present 3056 51.22 Total 5967 100.00   1016. INDIAN CONTRIBUTION IN E-LIS It has been observed that Indian authors are contributing to E-LIS generously. In Asia continent, India is the most dominant country in the contribution of e-prints to E-LIS. The contribution of Indian authors to E-LIS has been studied in detail during the project.  Total 234 E-prints are contributed by Indian authors to E-LIS. 17. AUTHORSHIP PATTERN OF INDIAN CONTRIBUTORS TO E-LIS The authorship pattern of Indian contributors to E-LIS has been shown in Table No. 10.  It has been observed that Joint authorship pattern is dominant with 80 e-prints (i.e. 34.19%) followed by Single Authorship i.e. 74 (31.62%) e-prints. Only one example of Institutional Authorship is observed.  Table No.10: Indian contribution in E-LIS articles Sr. No. Authorship & pattern No. of Articles Percentage 1 Single author 74 31.62 2 Double author 80 34.19 3 Three author 49 20.94 4 Four author 30 12.82 5 Institutional author 01 0.43 Total 234 100 18. TOTAL NUMBER OF INDIAN CONTRIBUTORS It is observed from Table No. 11 that total 502 Indian authors contributed 234 articles in E-LIS.  This table has been used to rank the authors.       11Table No. 11: Total number of Indian contributors Sr. No. Authorship No. of e-prints Total authors 1 Single author 74 74 2 Double author 80 160            (80 X 2) 3 Three author 49 147           (49 X 3) 4 Four author 30 120                     (30 X 4) 5 Institutional author 001 001  Total 234 502 19. RANKING OF INDIAN AUTHORS The ranked list of Indian authors is reported in Table No. 12.  It has been observed that the maximum articles contributed to LIS from Indian authors is by V.L. Kalyane i.e. 68, followed by Vijay Kumar at second position with 27 articles, closely followed by Kademani B.S. at third position with 26 articles. Table No.12:  Ranked List of Indian Authors Sr. No. Rank Name of Author No. of articles 1 I Kalyane, V. L 68 2 II Vijai Kumar 27 3 III Kademani, B. S. 26 4 IV Raman Nair, R. 21 5 IV Prakasan, E. R. 21 6 V Vijayakumar, J. K. 18 7 VI Sen, B. K 16 8 VI Angadi, Mallikarjun 16 9 VII Koganuramath, M.M. 14 10 VII Das, Anup Kumar 14 11 VIII Anil Kumar 11 12 IX Swarna, T. 10 13 X Murthy, T. A. V. 9 14 XI Chandra, Harish 8 15 XI Anil Sagar 8 16 XII Vijayakumar, Manju 6 17 XII  Singhal, Madhuresh 6 18 XII Ghosh, T. B. 6  1219 XII Francis, A. T. 6 20 XII Devarai, Rajashekhar S. 6 21 XIII Sonker, Sharad Kumar 5 22 XIII Kalyane, S. V. 5 23 XIII Jange, Suresh 5 24 XIII Dutta, Bidyarthi 5 25 XIV Khan, M. T. M. 4 26 XIV Kadam, S. N 4 27 XIV Basimalla, Solomon Raju 4 28 XV Prasanna, T.S. 3 29 XV Lewison, Grant 3 30 XV Lalit Mohan 3 31 XV Kademani, A. B. 3 32 XV Dutta, Chaitali 3 33 XVI Vidyasagar Rao, K 2 34 XVI Upadhye, R.P. 2 35 XVI Tiew, Wai Sin 2 36 XVI Srivastava, Divya 2 37 XVI Sreenivasulu, V. 2 38 XVI Shivakumar, A. S. 2 39 XVI Shashi Nath, S. 2 40 XVI Sangam, S. L.  2 41 XVI  Sagar, Anil 2 42 XVI Prakash, Thushara 2 43 XVI Patel, Yatrik 2 44 XVI Parmar, Arvind Singh 2 45 XVI Munnolli, S. S. 2 46 XVI Mulla, K. R. 2 47 XVI Maruthu Pandian, B. 2 48 XVI Manjunath, G.K. 2 49 XVI Kundra, Ramesh 2 50 XVI Kumar, Sanghmitra A. 2 51 XVI Karanjai, Aruna 2 52 XVI Kanamadi, Satish T. 2 53 XVI Jayakanth, Francis 2 54 XVI Hosamani, H. G. 2 55 XVI Gunjal, Bhojaraju 2 56 XVI Chandrashekar, M. 2 57 XVII Weerasooriya, W.A. 1 58 XVII Venkatappaiah, V.  1 59 XVII Venkatalakshmi, K.  1 60 XVII Varalakshmi  1 61 XVII Tiew, W. S.  1 62 XVII Tara Ashok,  1 63 XVII Taib, C.A.b. 1  1364 XVII Surwase, Ganesh 1 65 XVII  Subramanian,  1 66 XVII Story, Alan  1 67 XVII Singh, Sukhdev 1 68 XVII Singh, Manoj  1 69 XVII Shyamala 1 70 XVII Shukla, B. K.  1 71 XVII Shadrach, B.  1 72 XVII Savanur, Kiran  1 73 XVII Satyanarayana, K.  1 74 XVII  Sampat Kumar, B. T.  1 75 XVII Samanta, R. K  1 76 XVII Sahu, Satya Ranjan  1 77 XVII Sahu, D.K.  1 78 XVII Rudrabatla,  1 79 XVII Raveendran, Asari K 1 80 XVII Rana, Madan S. 1 81 XVII Ramesh, L. S. R. C. V. 1 82 XVII Ramesh, Badnapuri  1 83 XVII Pujar, S.M.  1 84 XVII Pothare, R. C. 1 85 XVII Pitroda, Sam  1 86 XVII Phool Chand 1 87 XVII Pandita, Naina  1 88 XVII Padmamma, S.  1 89 XVII Nagaraju, A. V. S. S.  1 90 XVII Nabar, Geeta W.  1 91 XVII Munshi, Usha M 1 92 XVII Moorthy, R  1 93 XVII Mishra, Shesh  1 94 XVII Mehta, Pratap Bhanu  1 95 XVII Mannan, Adam.  1 96 XVII Manjunath, M.  1 97 XVII  Mandal, Minati  1 98 XVII Madan, V. K.  1 99 XVII Ling, Lim Bee 1 100 XVII Lal, Banwari  1 101 XVII Kushwah, Shivpal Singh 1 102 XVII Kumbar, M F  1 103 XVII Kumar, Pradeep  1 104 XVII Kulkarni, Sheshagiri R.  1 105 XVII Keen, Khong Wye  1 106 XVII Kaur, Kiran  1 107 XVII Kamble, Pradeep S 1 108 XVII Kadli, Jayadev H. 1  14109 XVII Jeevan, V.K.J.  1 110 XVII Jain, N. C. 1 111 XVII Hussain, M. V.  1 112 XVII Hussain, K. H. 1 113 XVII Humayoon Kabir, K.  1 114 XVII Hiremath, C. V.  1 115 XVII Hazarika, Tilak  1 116 XVII Hassan, M.F.b.  1 117 XVII Halbert, Debora 1 118 XVII Gupta, Rajiv  1 119 XVII Gudodagi, Shashikant C. 1 120 XVII Goswami, Kusuma 1 121 XVII Ghosh, S. B. 1 122 XVII Garai, Atanu 1 123 XVII Ganguly, Ashok 1 124 XVII Gaba, Surinder Kumar 1 125 XVII Dutt, Bharvi 1 126 XVII Dhiman, A. K. 1 127 XVII Devarai, Kanyakumari S. 1 128 XVII Deokattey, Sangeeta 1 129 XVII Das, Pritimoni 1 130 XVII Darch, Colin 1 131 XVII Damodaram, T. 1 132 XVII Cholin, V. S. 1 133 XVII Chikkamallaiah 1 134 XVII Chawla, A. 1 135 XVII Chan, Leslie 1 136 XVII Bhattacharya, Sujit 1 137 XVII Bhatt, Rakesh K. 1 138 XVII Bhargava, P.M.  1 139 XVII Basu, Aparna 1 140 XVII Bandi, Anand 1 141 XVII Balakrishnan, M. R. 1 142 XVII Arunachalam, Subbiah 1 143 XVII Arora, Jagdish 1 144 XVII Agarwal, Sunita 1 145 XVII Abdullah, Abrizah 1 146 XVII Abdul Razak, C. 1  20. CONCLUSION  Open access is a burning topic today and it is the need of the hour. Academic and research communities should realize this fact and should submit their research works to open access archives so that their work can be widely accessed throughout the world.  15E-LIS is a disciplinary archive dedicated to the subject Library and Information Science and it is a step towards redefining open access.  REFERENCES  1. Suber, Peter. A very brief introduction to Open  Access.  <http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/brief.htm>(Accessed on 25-06-2006)   2. Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002)  <http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read.shtml>( Accessed on 24-06-2006)  3. E-LIS, E-prints in Library & Information Science.        <http://eprints.rclis.org>   (Accessed on 25.06.2006)  

A very brief introduction to Open Access.

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E-LIS : a step towards redefining Open Access

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