Describes the role of standards affecting all walks of modern life as a basic foundation to ensure uniformity, reliability and excellence of a product, quality or service in order to achieve overall efficiency and economy of the nation. Collection development policy of standards has been discussed at length providing comprehensive list of secondary sources of standards and points out the role of Information Handling Service (IHS) -A solution for meting all types of standards both governmental and non- governmental standards; organisation, maintenance and control of standards to provide timely access to standards

Jange, Suresh

Kademani, B. S.

English

E-LIS repository

 
Standards: Challenges for Collection Development and Organisation 
 
            *SURESH JANGE 
** B.S. KADEMANI 
 
[Describes the role of standards affecting all walks of modern life as a basic 
foundation to ensure uniformity, reliability and excellence of a product, quality or 
service in order to achieve overall efficiency and economy of the nation. 
Collection development policy of standards has been discussed at length 
providing comprehensive list of secondary sources of standards and points out the 
role of Information Handling Service (IHS) -A solution for meting all types of 
standards both governmental and non- governmental standards; organisation, 
maintenance and control of standards to provide timely access to standards.] 
 
 
1. Introduction 
 
Quality in what today's competitive society is forced to build for survival 
irrespective of its area being science and technology, industry, commerce, health 
and education right from manufacturing of a product, materials or service ranging 
common item of everyday use to extremely complicated equipments and 
components used in nuclear reactors. To achieve this, standards play a significant 
role, laying down minimum requirements for quality control and rationalisation of 
products to enhance their acceptability at national and international level which 
would serve as a base and guide to the manufacturer. Standards are basic 
foundation to many aspects of modern life used everyday - ranging from lawyer, 
engineer, multinational companies to ordinary man and Library is not an 
exception to it.  
 
Development of Colon Classification, Classified Catalogue code, staff 
formula by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan and International Standard Bibliographic 
Description, Common Communication Format (CCF), MARC Format, AACR-2 
and international information systems like International Nuclear Information 
 
*  Suresh Jange, Assistant Librarian, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, P .B. 
No.8313, Deonar, Mumbai –400088 
 
**  B. S.Kademani, Scientific Officer, Library & Information Services Division,  
Bhabha  Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai -400 085 
 
Standards: Challenges for collection development, organisation
System (INIS), International Information System in Agricultural
Science and Technology (AGRIS) are the results of
standardisation in order to achieve uniformity and consistency
for organising, retrieving ~d exchange of information among the
libraries. Tbe reason as to why Information and Library
Network (INFLIBNET) is issuing instructions to a!l the
university libraries to adopt CDS/ISIS and ILMS software or
other dedicated library package but subjet its compatibility with
CCF. format in order to facilitate exchange of data t~rough
networking of libraries. This is again nothing but a result of
standardisation to achieve consistency, uniformity and
exchangeability of information among libraries / Information
centers.
Standards are documen ts that stipulate or recommend
1. Minimum level of performance and quality of goods and
servIces
2. Optimal conditions and procedures for operations in
science, industry and commerce including production, evaluation
and distribution and utilisation of materials, products and
services. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) defines
as " A standard is a specification accepted by recognised
authority as the most practical and appropriate current solutionofa recurring problem.l .
2. b~ndards : A Basic Foundation
Standards ensure that yesterdays mistakes will not be
repeated and job hopefully shall be executed in a better way.
Jawharlal Nehru rig~tly said -I'Without Standards, we cannot
progress in Industry. If we wish to create confidence about our
Industries and sale. of our goods, they should be of higher
standards. It has become quite essential for the purpose we are
working today for plannin-g exports, that we should fix
standards, adhere to them and in fact raise them continually".
Library has a greater role to playacting as a interface between
manufacturer and customers by collecting, organisating,
maintaining and disseminating required standa,rds information
at the right time to the users. The benefits derived out of it are :
V12, NI -2, January-June 1999
100 Sul-esh Jange & BC4S'a11araj Kademani
A. To Manufacturer :
1'1. Acts as a baseline providing guide design, manufacture,
quality assurance and procurement of item.
2. Improves quality of product & enhances their acceptability
in international market.
3. Improves corporate image.
4. More committed to customer service oriented products.
5. Helps t<? absorbs latest technologies to upgrade ourself to
gain edge over competitors.
6. Reduces product cost and provides fair price to customer .
7. Product made first time does not incur scrap, rework,
repairs, complaints, returns an d allownce.
8. Achieve rationalisatjon in the production and easy
replacement of components.
9. Use ofrecognised mark on the item.
B. To Customer :
1. Ensures reliability over the products.
.2. Improves standard of Living
3. Fair price for quality product is assured.2"
3. Categories of standards :
Standards are issued by different organisations both
domestic and foreign countries and are of different types viz.
Indian Standards (IS), Joint Service Specifications (JSS),
International Electro-chemical commissions (EC), International
Organisation for Standards (ISO), British Standards (BS),
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Japan
Industrial standards (JIS) etc.
Houghton3 categorised stand~rs on the basis of its prupose
are as under .
1. Dimensional standards: Specify standard dimensions to
achieve interchangeability in assembly of components in
manufacturing industries and facilitate replacement of damaged
parts.
Ex JSS 50400 -Resistors; IEC 348 -1 -Capacitors.
Indian Jour. Inf. Lib & Soc
101Standards Challenges for collection development, organisation
2. Performance standards: Specify, the minimum
performance of quality of product or component at acceptable
level of efficiency and safety.
Ex: IS 9815 -Ac stabi]izer : IEC 285-2-Battery.
3. Material standards: Specify the composition, quality,
chemical or mechanjcal properties of materials such as alloys,
fuels etc. c
!
Ex: ANSI/ASTM;D 1655-77- Aviation of Turbine fuels.
.\
4. Standards of te'stimethods : Specify conditions, procedures
I
and tools for testing, e'faluating and comparing the qualjty and
peformance of material~ and products.
Ex: ANSI B 38-~-1970 Methods for testing of husehold
refrigerator. :
4. Collection Dev~lopment :
Essentially staridars are an integral and critically
important part of eng~neering process and quality control at
.,
acceptable level of perf4>rmance, testing and materIals required
for project. Developin* collection of standards is of utmost
importance as majority !of library professionals does not receive
, .I
any forma] training i~ standards ~esearch ~nd information
management. On the bther hand In many Instances, users
(Engineers) themselved does not know which standards they
require, who publishes lit etc. relying more on Librarians puts
him further exacerbated~ This calls for special skill in library and
information officers for developing collection of standards and is
largely based on needs apd activities of community ofusers.
At the time of co~lection of standards, major problems a
librarjan come across ar, -
* What standards s~ould be purchased ?
U.S.A. standards
Military and government standards
Individual contry standards
Draft standards
Superseded s.tandards
Corporation standards
V12, NI -2, tJanuary-June 1999
102 Su1-esh Jange & Basa.varaj Kade1nani
* How to identify secondary information sources to access
standards~
Appendix
:I: Which fornlat is to be procured
Printed
CD-ROM form
On-Line
Microfornl
* Whom t.o purchase ?
Directly
Agent
Membership
Exchange
5. Information Handling S~rvies (IHS) -A solution :
In the above circumstances, IllS comes to its rescue
providing comprehensive standards information services. in
microfilm, online and electronic formats including CD-ROMs..lt is
unique .in that it is the only service that indexes all the
standards in the database by unified classification sch.eme and
holds worlds largest collection of unclassified military standards
and specifications in. the world. ci.e. it covers 90% of worlds
output of standards). IHS4 offers following collections.
1. Military/Federal standard services: It provides military
and federal specifications and standards, military handbooks,
drawing~, naval instructions / directories etc.
2. U.S. industry standard services: I.ll.S is only unique
source where one can discover in a single database which
standards are approved by ANSI (Dept. of Defense.) and includes
following societies in full text microfilm database. -'.
.
-
a. American Gas Association (AGA)
b. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
c. Institute -of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
(IEEE)
Indian Jour. Inf. Lib ,& Soc
Standards 103Challenges for collection development. organisation
d. Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging
Electronic Circuits (IPC).
e. Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
3. International, non-US national and combined standards
services :
International standards are those. which have been
produced and adopted by a consortium countries whereas
national (Non-U.S) standards are those developed within a
specific country. Standard bodies covered are BSI, JI~, IEC etc.
Further it provides online searching through DIALOG
information services known as 'IHS Intemational standards and
specifications' and these are also brought out in CD-ROM and
magnetic tape.
6. Organisation of standards :
Standards like any other collection of publications should
be classified, catalogued. and integrated into the collection.
Standards needs to be catalogued according to AACR-2
cataloguing rules proViding access points i.e. standard number;
suQjectwise and issuing body of standards. The problem arises
in case if standards are available in different formats like
printed; CD-ROM; microform etc. as to
1. Wheather standards needs to be kept formatwise
separately irrespectiye of their subject or together and
.2. How the user should be informed to facilitate retrieval of
standards irrespective of formats.
The m9st common arrangement of standards is
alphabetical order by the name of issuing organisation and
within that by standars number. Filing cabinets or shelves or
file folders may be used depending upon the collection, its size of
standard for filing standards. In case where one format of
standard dominates then it is desirable to separate the
collection by formatwise. But to facilitate users to locate t~
standard irresspective of its format, catalogue cards should be
prepared giving fully information as to wheather standard is
available in printed or CD-ROM or microfilm format. For
instance catalogue cards may be distinguished i.e. normal white
V12, NI -2, January-June 1999
104 S'ul-e.~h Ja,lge & Bm'avaraj Kademani
catalogue card indjcates standards in printed form; re'd coloured
catalogue card indicates CD-ROM form and green catalogue card
in microfilm format.
7. Control and Maintenance of Collection
Careful monitorjng of standard developing organisations
which i~sues normally bulletins at regular inte.rvals describing
progress in developing thejr st~dards are required. For instance
Wjlson tompany's ' Appljed science and technology index' is useful
for fin~ing these standards related articles.
The poljcies on how long standards collection are kept
-wheather all new edit jon will be needed for which decisions has
to be taken with active participation of users and standard
information service personnel.
Scientific methods should be adopted to preserve the
standard available in different formats for posterity. In places
like Mumbaj (Bombay) where humidity is more, a relative
humidity of 40-45 degrees and ideal air condition should be
maintained for proper preservation of standards. .
8. Conclusion :
Standards are basic foundation to many aspects of life to
ensu~e accuracy and reliabiljty of results of research to prevent
avoidable wastage of resource and manpower in order to
en~ance safety and reliability of products or service and to have
effectiv~ quality control and interchangeability of parts and to
achieve overall efficiency and econom~. Libr~riansneeds to
acquire special skills in collecting, maintaining, organising and
disseminating standards information service to the users
community timely, efficiently and pin-pointedly.
ReferenCes :
1. Subram.anyam, Krisna. Scientific and technical
information sources. New York: Marcell dekker, 1981.p.
131-137.
.2. Jange, Suresh. Standards: A b~sic foundation for quality
~mlR-nd .i.ts..r$in ETDC .(H).-(Sent.£0r .publication)
Standards Challenges for collection development, organisation
3
4
5
6
7
R
9
Houghton, Bernard. Technical information sources. 2nd ed.
Hamden, conn : Linnet books, shoe string press,
1972.p.67 -68.
B.elfrage, Robert M. Standards information services -The
IHS solution. Science and technology libraries, Vol. 10(3),
1990. p83-85
.
Standardisation. Business and technology sources;
.
Bulletin of the business informatio~ and science and
technology departmets, Cleveland. public library. Vol.
39(3), 1968. ,
Patricia, LR. Whic4 will it be ? A ' quality standards
inform a ion service or a collection of standards ? Science
.,
and technology libraries, Vol. 10(3), 19~0. p. 5-22.
Suzanne, M 0. Standards in frito-lay; corporate library.
Science and technology libraries, Vol. 10(3), 1990. p. 49-
54.
Testing for quality of Life / issued by NCTCF = DST / ET-
07/1989
Tayal, A S. Acquisition & updating, of standards andI
specifications in technical Libraries, UNESCO Bulletin of
Libraries, 25(1),.1971.
APPENDIS
Bibliography of Selection tools :
I. Directory: I
1. Standardisation directory: Philade1phia : US N aval
publications and forms centre.
I
2. Directory of engineering documentatiorl resources. 3rd ed.
-Irvine, Calif<?mia : Global engineering. documents.
3. Directory of international and regional organisations
conducting standards related activities. Ed. by M.A.
Brietenberg, Washington: USGPO and INTIS.!
4. Standards activities. of organisations in U ..S. by Robert
B.T. for National bureau of stand..ards. i
5. Guide to bio-medical standards. California: Quest
publications co.
V12, NI -2, January-June 1999
106 Sul-esh Jange & Ba.S'a,'araj Ka{/emani
II. Indexes :
1. Annual books ofASTM standards. Philadelphia: ASTM.
2. Department of defence Index of specifications and
standards (DODISS). Washington, D.C. : USGPO.
3. Index and directory of industry standards. Irvine,
California: Global engineering documents.
4. Index of federal specifications and commercia] item
description, Washington, Dc : USGPO.
5. KWIC index of international standards. Geneva,
Switzerland: ISO, 1987.
6. Quick r.eference to IEEE stapdards. New York: IEEE,
1986.
7. Bureau of Indian standards handbook. .
III. Catalogues :
1. American N ational Standards institute (ANSI) -catalogue
ofANSI. New York: ANSI
2. Inernational Electro-chemical Commission (IEC).
Catalogue of IEC publications. Geneva, Switzerland: IEC
(Annual).
3. ISO catalogue. Geneva, Switzerland :ISO.
4. ASTM standards catalogue. Philadelphia: ASTM.
5. IEEE standards catalogue. Piscataway, N .J : IEEE
6. Underwriters laboratories. Catalogue of standards for
safety. Northbrook : UL (Annual).
IV .Periodicals :
1. ISO bulletin.
2. ASTMjournal of testing and evaluation.
3. ASTM standardisation news.
4. Advances and techniques: Standards in neurosurgery.
5.. Information standards quarterly.
6. IEEE standards bearer .
v. 'Online Indexes :
1,. IHS industry and international standards and
specifications by IHS.
2. Standards and specifications by National standards
asociations avai]lable on Dialogue Information service.
.
Indian Jour. Inf. Lib & Soc


Standards : challenges for collection development and organisation

E-LIS

 Standards: Challenges for Collection Development and Organisation              *SURESH JANGE ** B.S. KADEMANI  [Describes the role of standards affecting all walks of modern life as a basic foundation to ensure uniformity, reliability and excellence of a product, quality or service in order to achieve overall efficiency and economy of the nation. Collection development policy of standards has been discussed at length providing comprehensive list of secondary sources of standards and points out the role of Information Handling Service (IHS) -A solution for meting all types of standards both governmental and non- governmental standards; organisation, maintenance and control of standards to provide timely access to standards.]   1. Introduction  Quality in what today's competitive society is forced to build for survival irrespective of its area being science and technology, industry, commerce, health and education right from manufacturing of a product, materials or service ranging common item of everyday use to extremely complicated equipments and components used in nuclear reactors. To achieve this, standards play a significant role, laying down minimum requirements for quality control and rationalisation of products to enhance their acceptability at national and international level which would serve as a base and guide to the manufacturer. Standards are basic foundation to many aspects of modern life used everyday - ranging from lawyer, engineer, multinational companies to ordinary man and Library is not an exception to it.   Development of Colon Classification, Classified Catalogue code, staff formula by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan and International Standard Bibliographic Description, Common Communication Format (CCF), MARC Format, AACR-2 and international information systems like International Nuclear Information  *  Suresh Jange, Assistant Librarian, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, P .B. No.8313, Deonar, Mumbai –400088  **  B. S.Kademani, Scientific Officer, Library & Information Services Division,  Bhabha  Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai -400 085  Standards: Challenges for collection development, organisationSystem (INIS), International Information System in AgriculturalScience and Technology (AGRIS) are the results ofstandardisation in order to achieve uniformity and consistencyfor organising, retrieving ~d exchange of information among thelibraries. Tbe reason as to why Information and LibraryNetwork (INFLIBNET) is issuing instructions to a!l theuniversity libraries to adopt CDS/ISIS and ILMS software orother dedicated library package but subjet its compatibility withCCF. format in order to facilitate exchange of data t~roughnetworking of libraries. This is again nothing but a result ofstandardisation to achieve consistency, uniformity andexchangeability of information among libraries / Informationcenters.Standards are documen ts that stipulate or recommend1. Minimum level of performance and quality of goods andservIces2. Optimal conditions and procedures for operations inscience, industry and commerce including production, evaluationand distribution and utilisation of materials, products andservices. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) definesas " A standard is a specification accepted by recognisedauthority as the most practical and appropriate current solutionofa recurring problem.l .2. b~ndards : A Basic FoundationStandards ensure that yesterdays mistakes will not berepeated and job hopefully shall be executed in a better way.Jawharlal Nehru rig~tly said -I'Without Standards, we cannotprogress in Industry. If we wish to create confidence about ourIndustries and sale. of our goods, they should be of higherstandards. It has become quite essential for the purpose we areworking today for plannin-g exports, that we should fixstandards, adhere to them and in fact raise them continually".Library has a greater role to playacting as a interface betweenmanufacturer and customers by collecting, organisating,maintaining and disseminating required standa,rds informationat the right time to the users. The benefits derived out of it are :V12, NI -2, January-June 1999100 Sul-esh Jange & BC4S'a11araj KademaniA. To Manufacturer :1'1. Acts as a baseline providing guide design, manufacture,quality assurance and procurement of item.2. Improves quality of product & enhances their acceptabilityin international market.3. Improves corporate image.4. More committed to customer service oriented products.5. Helps t<? absorbs latest technologies to upgrade ourself togain edge over competitors.6. Reduces product cost and provides fair price to customer .7. Product made first time does not incur scrap, rework,repairs, complaints, returns an d allownce.8. Achieve rationalisatjon in the production and easyreplacement of components.9. Use ofrecognised mark on the item.B. To Customer :1. Ensures reliability over the products..2. Improves standard of Living3. Fair price for quality product is assured.2"3. Categories of standards :Standards are issued by different organisations bothdomestic and foreign countries and are of different types viz.Indian Standards (IS), Joint Service Specifications (JSS),International Electro-chemical commissions (EC), InternationalOrganisation for Standards (ISO), British Standards (BS),American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), JapanIndustrial standards (JIS) etc.Houghton3 categorised stand~rs on the basis of its pruposeare as under .1. Dimensional standards: Specify standard dimensions toachieve interchangeability in assembly of components inmanufacturing industries and facilitate replacement of damagedparts.Ex JSS 50400 -Resistors; IEC 348 -1 -Capacitors.Indian Jour. Inf. Lib & Soc101Standards Challenges for collection development, organisation2. Performance standards: Specify, the minimumperformance of quality of product or component at acceptablelevel of efficiency and safety.Ex: IS 9815 -Ac stabi]izer : IEC 285-2-Battery.3. Material standards: Specify the composition, quality,chemical or mechanjcal properties of materials such as alloys,fuels etc. c!Ex: ANSI/ASTM;D 1655-77- Aviation of Turbine fuels..\4. Standards of te'stimethods : Specify conditions, proceduresIand tools for testing, e'faluating and comparing the qualjty andpeformance of material~ and products.Ex: ANSI B 38-~-1970 Methods for testing of huseholdrefrigerator. :4. Collection Dev~lopment :Essentially staridars are an integral and criticallyimportant part of eng~neering process and quality control at.,acceptable level of perf4>rmance, testing and materIals requiredfor project. Developin* collection of standards is of utmostimportance as majority !of library professionals does not receive, .Iany forma] training i~ standards ~esearch ~nd informationmanagement. On the bther hand In many Instances, users(Engineers) themselved does not know which standards theyrequire, who publishes lit etc. relying more on Librarians putshim further exacerbated~ This calls for special skill in library andinformation officers for developing collection of standards and islargely based on needs apd activities of community ofusers.At the time of co~lection of standards, major problems alibrarjan come across ar, -* What standards s~ould be purchased ?U.S.A. standardsMilitary and government standardsIndividual contry standardsDraft standardsSuperseded s.tandardsCorporation standardsV12, NI -2, tJanuary-June 1999102 Su1-esh Jange & Basa.varaj Kade1nani* How to identify secondary information sources to accessstandards~Appendix:I: Which fornlat is to be procuredPrintedCD-ROM formOn-LineMicrofornl* Whom t.o purchase ?DirectlyAgentMembershipExchange5. Information Handling S~rvies (IHS) -A solution :In the above circumstances, IllS comes to its rescueproviding comprehensive standards information services. inmicrofilm, online and electronic formats including CD-ROMs..lt isunique .in that it is the only service that indexes all thestandards in the database by unified classification sch.eme andholds worlds largest collection of unclassified military standardsand specifications in. the world. ci.e. it covers 90% of worldsoutput of standards). IHS4 offers following collections.1. Military/Federal standard services: It provides militaryand federal specifications and standards, military handbooks,drawing~, naval instructions / directories etc.2. U.S. industry standard services: I.ll.S is only uniquesource where one can discover in a single database whichstandards are approved by ANSI (Dept. of Defense.) and includesfollowing societies in full text microfilm database. -'..-a. American Gas Association (AGA)b. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)c. Institute -of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IEEE)Indian Jour. Inf. Lib ,& SocStandards 103Challenges for collection development. organisationd. Institute for Interconnecting and PackagingElectronic Circuits (IPC).e. Underwriters Laboratories (UL)3. International, non-US national and combined standardsservices :International standards are those. which have beenproduced and adopted by a consortium countries whereasnational (Non-U.S) standards are those developed within aspecific country. Standard bodies covered are BSI, JI~, IEC etc.Further it provides online searching through DIALOGinformation services known as 'IHS Intemational standards andspecifications' and these are also brought out in CD-ROM andmagnetic tape.6. Organisation of standards :Standards like any other collection of publications shouldbe classified, catalogued. and integrated into the collection.Standards needs to be catalogued according to AACR-2cataloguing rules proViding access points i.e. standard number;suQjectwise and issuing body of standards. The problem arisesin case if standards are available in different formats likeprinted; CD-ROM; microform etc. as to1. Wheather standards needs to be kept formatwiseseparately irrespectiye of their subject or together and.2. How the user should be informed to facilitate retrieval ofstandards irrespective of formats.The m9st common arrangement of standards isalphabetical order by the name of issuing organisation andwithin that by standars number. Filing cabinets or shelves orfile folders may be used depending upon the collection, its size ofstandard for filing standards. In case where one format ofstandard dominates then it is desirable to separate thecollection by formatwise. But to facilitate users to locate t~standard irresspective of its format, catalogue cards should beprepared giving fully information as to wheather standard isavailable in printed or CD-ROM or microfilm format. Forinstance catalogue cards may be distinguished i.e. normal whiteV12, NI -2, January-June 1999104 S'ul-e.~h Ja,lge & Bm'avaraj Kademanicatalogue card indjcates standards in printed form; re'd colouredcatalogue card indicates CD-ROM form and green catalogue cardin microfilm format.7. Control and Maintenance of CollectionCareful monitorjng of standard developing organisationswhich i~sues normally bulletins at regular inte.rvals describingprogress in developing thejr st~dards are required. For instanceWjlson tompany's ' Appljed science and technology index' is usefulfor fin~ing these standards related articles.The poljcies on how long standards collection are kept-wheather all new edit jon will be needed for which decisions hasto be taken with active participation of users and standardinformation service personnel.Scientific methods should be adopted to preserve thestandard available in different formats for posterity. In placeslike Mumbaj (Bombay) where humidity is more, a relativehumidity of 40-45 degrees and ideal air condition should bemaintained for proper preservation of standards. .8. Conclusion :Standards are basic foundation to many aspects of life toensu~e accuracy and reliabiljty of results of research to preventavoidable wastage of resource and manpower in order toen~ance safety and reliability of products or service and to haveeffectiv~ quality control and interchangeability of parts and toachieve overall efficiency and econom~. Libr~riansneeds toacquire special skills in collecting, maintaining, organising anddisseminating standards information service to the userscommunity timely, efficiently and pin-pointedly.ReferenCes :1. Subram.anyam, Krisna. Scientific and technicalinformation sources. New York: Marcell dekker, 1981.p.131-137..2. Jange, Suresh. Standards: A b~sic foundation for quality~mlR-nd .i.ts..r$in ETDC .(H).-(Sent.£0r .publication)Standards Challenges for collection development, organisation34567R9Houghton, Bernard. Technical information sources. 2nd ed.Hamden, conn : Linnet books, shoe string press,1972.p.67 -68.B.elfrage, Robert M. Standards information services -TheIHS solution. Science and technology libraries, Vol. 10(3),1990. p83-85.Standardisation. Business and technology sources;.Bulletin of the business informatio~ and science andtechnology departmets, Cleveland. public library. Vol.39(3), 1968. ,Patricia, LR. Whic4 will it be ? A ' quality standardsinform a ion service or a collection of standards ? Science.,and technology libraries, Vol. 10(3), 19~0. p. 5-22.Suzanne, M 0. Standards in frito-lay; corporate library.Science and technology libraries, Vol. 10(3), 1990. p. 49-54.Testing for quality of Life / issued by NCTCF = DST / ET-07/1989Tayal, A S. Acquisition & updating, of standards andIspecifications in technical Libraries, UNESCO Bulletin ofLibraries, 25(1),.1971.APPENDISBibliography of Selection tools :I. Directory: I1. Standardisation directory: Philade1phia : US N avalpublications and forms centre.I2. Directory of engineering documentatiorl resources. 3rd ed.-Irvine, Calif<?mia : Global engineering. documents.3. Directory of international and regional organisationsconducting standards related activities. Ed. by M.A.Brietenberg, Washington: USGPO and INTIS.!4. Standards activities. of organisations in U ..S. by RobertB.T. for National bureau of stand..ards. i5. Guide to bio-medical standards. California: Questpublications co.V12, NI -2, January-June 1999106 Sul-esh Jange & Ba.S'a,'araj Ka{/emaniII. Indexes :1. Annual books ofASTM standards. Philadelphia: ASTM.2. Department of defence Index of specifications andstandards (DODISS). Washington, D.C. : USGPO.3. Index and directory of industry standards. Irvine,California: Global engineering documents.4. Index of federal specifications and commercia] itemdescription, Washington, Dc : USGPO.5. KWIC index of international standards. Geneva,Switzerland: ISO, 1987.6. Quick r.eference to IEEE stapdards. New York: IEEE,1986.7. Bureau of Indian standards handbook. .III. Catalogues :1. American N ational Standards institute (ANSI) -catalogueofANSI. New York: ANSI2. Inernational Electro-chemical Commission (IEC).Catalogue of IEC publications. Geneva, Switzerland: IEC(Annual).3. ISO catalogue. Geneva, Switzerland :ISO.4. ASTM standards catalogue. Philadelphia: ASTM.5. IEEE standards catalogue. Piscataway, N .J : IEEE6. Underwriters laboratories. Catalogue of standards forsafety. Northbrook : UL (Annual).IV .Periodicals :1. ISO bulletin.2. ASTMjournal of testing and evaluation.3. ASTM standardisation news.4. Advances and techniques: Standards in neurosurgery.5.. Information standards quarterly.6. IEEE standards bearer .v. 'Online Indexes :1,. IHS industry and international standards andspecifications by IHS.2. Standards and specifications by National standardsasociations avai]lable on Dialogue Information service..Indian Jour. Inf. Lib & Soc

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