The investigation of bacteria in grow-out catfish was carried out from February to June, 2008. 100 dead Clarias gariepinus were collected from ten ponds (A-J) distributed in Jos and its environs. Results from the various ponds showed that Escherichia coli were present in all the location found, while 87.0% of the total samples obtained were positive with bacteria isolates. The isolates were shown to include Aeromonas species (11.5%), Escherichia coli (35.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.0%), Streptococcus faecalis (13.8%) and Klebsiella aerogenes (18.4%) of which pond F had 16.1 % of bacteria organisms while ponds B, G and H were both 9.2%, respectively

Agada, G.O.A.

Ajibade, A.A.

Apochi, J.O.

Badmus, O.

Jwander, L.D.

Kolndadacha, O.D.

Yacim, S.E.

Aquatic Commons

RESIJLTS
The location and samples of fish collected differs considerably. Table ] presents the figures. The
bacterial species isolated from different locations from Jos and tts environs arc summarized in Table
MATERIALS A.'\11)METHOnS
;\ total of 100 dead Iish sample were collected from len ponds (A-J) and were taken to central
Diagnostic laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Yom, Plateau Stall' for bacteria
diagnosis. Samples or dead fishes were brought into the laboratory ill sterile Cellophane. Bench Iish
were kept till the proper investigation 111 a cold plac..; however, the fish was 110t allowed to freeze In
the refrigerator (Glenn, 1977).i\rca~ examined for bacicnul mlccuon Include skin .cyc.grlls, heart.
spleen. stomach. intestine. kidney, pancreas, lungs 1."cr. which was aseptically. I Ising aseptic
tcchmquc, lg of various tissues (gilts, intestine, skill e.i.c) were weighed and homogenized into lOml
of sterile brain heart infLISIOJIbroth (LAB m) and macconkcy broth (FUJKA). These, however. were
Incubated al 37"c [01 24 hours, subculture onto Blood agar Slid maccoukey agar plates (FLUKA) and
Incubated at 24hours. Colornes of bacteria developing on the plates were observed, isolated and rc-
isolated until pure cultures were obtained. The bacterial isolates were then identi (jed using both
morphological and biochemical methods (such as catalase, oxidase, urease, methyl red, viqucs
proskauser, sugar fermentation tests) using Cohns and Lyne (1987).
JNTR01)lJCTION
All Iiving organisms are likely to get diseases or infections or illness which is a deviation from till':
normal life. Fish IS no exception. in the case of fishes disease Situations arc more peculiar and
different lrom that of land based animals or nrgHI11Sl11S in the sense that lhl' imeracion or water is so
great that II decides the fate of the organism during II1ne:-.:-..Therefore. disease in a fish can be said as
the end result of an interaction between at least pathogen three factors viz: host susceptibity. pathogen
virulence environmental [actors (Stressors) (Kumel,2006). The diseases caused by bacteria arc of
lesser importance in Africa than those caused by other agents. This IS probably because of long period
of opumum water temperature and the resulting abundance of natural food. Remarked that bactena
<Iremacroscopic organisms which differ from other cells by lacking nuclear membrane, wnh all it
generic material linked to a single chromosome. They multiply by binary fission in living and dead
cell host and highly mbignitous he cause 0 fthe diversities in systems and disease they cause. Diseased
fish usually exhibits either physical or behavioral signs. or both. III almost all cases, accurate
evaluation can only be made at a diagnostic laboratory. The behavioral ami physical signs serve as a
general guide to indicate presence of certain disease (after Moore et (II, 19R4). This study therefore
reports on the bactena organisms in grow out Clarius garipiuus in .los.
ABSTl~'\( 'T ./
The investigation of bacteria 111 grow-out catfish wax carried out from February 10 June, 2008. 100
dead Clarias gariepinus were collected from ten ponds (A J) distributed in Jos ami its environs.
Results from the various POlitIS showed that Escherichia coli were present in all the location found,
wlulc 87.0% of the total samples obtained were positive with bacteria isolates. The isolates were
shown to include Aeromonas species (11.5%), Escherichia co]! (35.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(15.0%), Streptococcus faecalis (13.8%) and Klebsiella aerogeues (11-:.4%) or which pond F had
IG.l% of bacteria organisms while ponds D, G and II were both 9.2%, respect! vely.
BACTERIA ORGANISMS IN onow OUT Clarias gariepinus MORTALITY IN JOS AREA
RADMUS, 0.,1 JWANDl;R, L.D./ AGADA, (;.O.A./ APOCHI, J.O.3
AJlnADE, A.A.;~ YACIM, S.E.,! & KOLl\l)ADACHA, 0.1).5
I Federal College of Animal Health and Production 'I'cchnulogy
National Veterinary Research Institute, Voru
l Diagnostk Depart ment, ~atio~1t1 Veterlnarv Research I nstit utc, Vum
, Department of Livestock and Fishcrlcs, Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria, Ahuja
4 Planning Department, Natiounl Veterinary Research Institute, Vnm
s Natioual Institutc for Frcshwutyer Flsherles Research, I)MB 600n, New-Bussa
144
Table 4: Percentage distribution of Bacteria Isolate In all farms
Isolates A B C f) F F G H I J TOTAL %
AE'rOmOflOs sPP 2 1 0 2 I 2 4 0 2 3 17 19.5
Escherichia coli 3 5 1 J 2 6 2 3 4 2 30 35.6
Ps. aeruginosa 1 2 0 I 1 3 0 3 I 13 15.0
Klb. aerogenes 0 0 3 2 2 2 1 3 3 0 16 18.4
Strept.faecalis 1 0 3 2 0 1 1 1 0 10 11.5
TOTAL 87 100
100
A 7 8.1
R 8 9.1
8.0
11.5
6.9
16.1
9.2
9.2
15.0
6.9
C 7
D 10
E 6
F 14
G 8
H 8
1 13
J (,
TOTAL 87
Table 3: Percentage dlstl'ibution ufba<.:terial each :-espectlve fann.
LocatIon DIstributIOn of bactena Isolates 0'0
Isolates Localton
A. B C D E F G H 1 J
AE'rOI1lOlWS sPP 2 t 0 2 1 2 4 0 2 3
Escherichia coli 3 5 1 3 2 6 2 3 4 2
Ps. aeruginosa 1 2 0 1 1 3 0 1 3 1
Kleb. aerogenes 0 0 3 2 2 2 ... 3 0.)
Strept. faecalis 0 3 2 0 I 1 1 1 0
TOTAL "7 8 7 10 6 14 8 8 12 6I
Table 2: Distribution of bacterial isolates from different sample location
(,
11
8
~
15
9
1::.
fo
G
11
r
J
TABLE 1: Locatton and distribution or samples screened
Location DI!>trtbutton of samples screened
A 7
B 12
C t 1
o 10
2. Table 1 and Table 4 shows distribution of bactcna isolates in all farm respectively. [arm F had 14
(16.1 %) and lOt 11.5%) of all the bactena Isolates while, Escherichia coli 30 (35.()%) were found to
be present in all designated farms.
ru.:FERF.~CES
Albert, M, john et al, "Prevalence of Enterotoxin genes in Aeromonas Spp. Isolated from children
with diarrhea. Healthy controls and Environment". lounal of clinical Microbiology, October
2000. Pp. 3790, Vol. 38. No. 10.
Collins. C. H. and Lyne, P. M. (I 987). Microbiological Methods SIll Ed. Butterworth and co. Pub!.
Ltd. London. 331-345.
Gietema, B. (19')2). Fish farming in ponds and interagated fish farming. Ggemi Sodipe press [ It! and
Leo Dadson Sur Shornolu - Lagos Pp83.
Glenn.l .H.( I977) ..Methods for the Diagnosis of fish discascs.Gulab Pnmlam pub.New Delhi 110064.
Pp35.
Ibiwoye I. I. I;Okacmc. A.)J; Okojie. P (1. A: Agbontala, J. /\: and.J . Jokayerm (1990). BA(TJ-.RIA
Disease Investigation and Pathology of the excretory organs (gills and kidneys) or Iht'
Ileterobrauchus bidosalis and Tilapias in the NlFfR Hatchery ponds In: NIFFR Animal Report
Pg.28-31.
Kurncr, J. S.S. (2006). Practical guide for the management ofintensive catfish farming. Vol.3 Animal
care service publ. Ltd.
Moore, R. R; MItchell, A. J; Griffin. J. R. and Hofman, G. L. (1984): Parasites and diseases '01' pond
fishes In: third report of the fish fanners U.S Dept. of interior fish at wildlife services. Pp. 177-
203.
National Center for Zoonotic =Bornc, and Enteric Diseases (ZVED') 2008.
Okacrnc. A. N., (2006), Fish diseases prevention and control [cd] Rcrni Thomas, Pub; Ltd. Ilurin.
Kwarn-state.
DISCI SSIO~
1he presence of Pseudomonas species Isolates agreed with Okacrne (2006). that Pseudomonas species
affect catfish of all ages and the mortality occurs as the result of mechanical injuries. poor water
quality and rowdiness conditions.Albert et 01: (2000) noted that among the six (6) species or
Aeromonas, A hydrophilia is the only species that arc known to be pathogenic in humans. and also to
fish. Okaeme (2005) reported that motile AerOIllOIlQSscpiticrme (MAS) caused b) Aeromonas species
is probably the most bacteria disease of fresh water fish. 1 his disease has been associated with several
members of the genus. Aeromonas, including A. liydrophilia, 11.sobria, A carvtat. A, schuberti, emu
.1. 1eruuil Clinical signs range [rom sudden death \,vith high mortality III per acute cases to superficial
to deep skin lesions. Escherichia coli has been found ill all designated farm which indicate 35.6%
(Table 4), Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Streptococcus faecal; and Klebsiella aerogene» shows 15.0%.
11.8% and 18.4(}(' respectively. Ibiwoye, el ul .. (1<>90)reported that the study of bactena rnicrollora of
the gills and kidneys of H. bidorsalis showed the presence of Gram negative bactena of General.
Pseudomonas, Klebsiella. and F: coli K aerogeuus Although most strains of Escherichia coli aie
harmless. vornc kinds of I;;.coli cause disease by making a toxin called shiga. The bactcna that make
these tOXl11S are called "Shiga toxm-producing' F: coli or STEC fur short. The must uk-uiificd STL(
111North vmcnca IS I; c olt (JI) 7. lJ7 (0 tel <honcn 10 E. coli 0157 or even rust "0157). ('\!a ronal
Centre tor Zoonouc, Vector-Borne. and Entcnc Diseases. (ZVED) 200R. The first step 111 disease
prevennon IS to provide healthy environment for the fish with plenty of food (Gictcmu, 1992). Other
prevent 1\ e measures includesr-
I AVOid poor water quality and rowdiness condiuons ill fish pond.
2 Removal ()C dead fishes, frogs and excessive weeds that can harbor bactenal disease agents.
3 Research can be carried out to ascertain the pathogenicity and virulence of the bacteria
isolates,


Bacteria organisms in grow out Clarias gariepinus mortality in Jos Area

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Bacteria organisms in grow out Clarias gariepinus mortality in Jos Area

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