Optimasi Emulgel Zinc Oxide Nanopartikel dengan Carbopol 940 Sebagai Gelling Agent dan Propilen Glikol Sebagai Humektan dan Uji Aktivitas Tabir Surya Secara In Vitro
Long exposure of UV radiation on the skin can increase the risk of skin diseases such as skin cancer dan photoallergic. So a product that can protect the skin from UV radiation is needed, ie sunscreen. Zinc oxide is one of the materials used in suncreen product formulation. The purpose of this study was to determine optimum formula and sunscreen activity of emulgel zinc oxide nanoparticles with Carbopol 940 as gelling agent and propylene glycol as humectant.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by Particle Size Analyser (PSA). Zinc oxide nanoparticles were formulated in emulgel. Four emulgel formulas were prepared with combination of 0,5% low level or 2% high level Carbopol 940 and 5% low level or 15% high level propylene glycol according to factorial design method. Evaluation of the emulgel included physical appearances, pH, viscosity, adhesive ability, spreadability, and sunscreen acticity indicated by SPF using spectrophotometer UV.
The results showed that the average particle size of zinc oxide nanoparticles were 160 nm ± 15,49 and the aggregates were 565,23 nm ± 311,10. The optimum emulgel formula contained 0,76% Carbopol 940 and 5,00% propylene glycol. Based on the verification test of the optimum formula, the physical appearances of the emulgel were yelowish-white, homogeneous, and no phase seperation occured, pH 6, viscosity 400 dPas, adhesive ability 4,607 sec, speadability 3,817 cm. Emulgel with addition 0,2% zinc oxide nanoparticles has sunscreen activity with SPF 5,875
