The focus of this research is the directive utterances that are used by President Reccep Tayyip Erdogan in press both in the interview and several of news articles that are related with the attempted coup on Friday a clear crime of treason. The research aims to describe: (1) the illocutionary acts of directive utterances (2) the politeness strategies of the directive utterances. The data of this research are directive utterances used by President Reccep Tayyip Erdogan. The technique of collecting data is documentation method and observation. The data are analyzed by using Kreidler theory (1998) and Vanderveken theory (1990) and to analyze the politeness strategies using theory of Brown and Levinson (1978). The result shows that: (1) there are four types of directive utterances are used, commanding 7%, requesting 22%, suggesting 52% and urging 19% (2) there are three types of politeness strategies are used, bald on records 26%, positive politeness 52% and negative politeness 22%

, Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum

Husna Afifah, Ulfah

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A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES  OF TURKISH PRESIDENT RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN  WITH PRESS (2016) Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department by: ULFAH HUSNA AFIFAH A320140069 DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA 2018 i TESTIMONY I, undersigned below Name   : Ulfah Husna Afifah NIM   : A320140069 Proram  : Department of English Education Research Title : A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES OF TURKISH PRESIDENT RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN WITH PRESS (2016) I truthfully testify that there is no plagiarism of literary work in this publication article which I submitted and this publication article is really work of mine, except the written references which are mentioned in the bibliography. Later, if it is proved that there is any plagiarism in this publication article, I will be fully responsible.  Surakarta, March 2018 The researcher, Ulfah Husna Afifah A320140069 ii APPROVAL A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES  OF TURKISH PRESIDENT RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN  WITH PRESS (2016) PUBLICATION ARTICLE by: Ulfah Husna Afifah A320140069 Approved to be examined by Consultant  School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta Consultant, Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum NIDN. 0608076001 iii TESTIMONY1 A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES  OF TURKISH PRESIDENT RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN  WITH PRESS (2016) Abstrak Fokus pada penelitian ini adalah ungkapan perintah yang digunakan oleh Presiden Reccep Tayyip Erdogan pada pers melalui interview maupun beberapa artikel berita yang berhubungan dengan percobaan kudeta pada Hari Jumat, sebuah kejahatan yang jelas penghianatan. Penelitian in bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) tindakan ilokusi dari ungkapan perintah (2) strategi kesantunan dari ungkapan perintah. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kalimat-kalimat ungkapan perintah yang digunakan oleh Presiden Reccep Tayyip Erdogan. Tehnik pengumpulan data adalah metode dokumentasi dan observasi. Data-data tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori dari Kreidler (1988) dan Vanderveken (1990) dan untuk menganalisis strategi kesantunan mengunakan teori dari Brown dan Levinson (1978). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) ada empat tipe dari ungkapan perintah yang digunakan, commanding sebanyak 7%, requesting sebanyak 22%, suggesting sebanyak 52% dan urging sebanyak 19% (2) ada tiga tipe dari strategi kesantunan yang digunakan, bald on records sebanyak 26%, positive politeness sebanyak 52% dan negative politeness sebanyak 22%.  Kata kunci: ungkapan perintah, press, strategi kesantunan Abstract The focus of this research is the directive utterances that are used by President Reccep Tayyip Erdogan in press both in the interview and several of news articles that are related with the attempted coup on Friday a clear crime of treason. The research aims to describe: (1) the illocutionary acts of directive utterances (2) the politeness strategies of the directive utterances. The data of this research are directive utterances used by President Reccep Tayyip Erdogan. The technique of collecting data is documentation method and observation. The data are analyzed by using Kreidler theory (1998) and Vanderveken theory (1990) and to analyze the politeness strategies using theory of Brown and Levinson (1978). The result shows that: (1) there are four types of directive utterances are used, commanding 7%, requesting 22%, suggesting 52% and urging 19% (2) there are three types of politeness strategies are used, bald on records 26%, positive politeness 52% and negative politeness 22%.   Key words: directive utterance, press, politeness strategy 1. INTRODUCTIONInterview is an activity that related with communication between two or more people to talk or discuss something using linguistic aspect. According to Rosenblum (1987: 388), interview is distinctive social setting and an activity that accomplished through an amalgam of linguistic strategies. News articles are part of the media press 2 in social environment that mainly discussed about news or event that already happen recently in the surrounding by the people. According to Dijk (1988 :1), one of the most obvious properties of media news, ignored or neglected in both traditional and more recent approaches to media reporting, is that news report. Recep Tayyip Erdogan is Turkish President. He holds his position since 2014 as the current President of Turkey. He has already faced a bigger and terrible incident in his country. It was “The Attempted Coup on Friday”. It happened in Ankara, Istanbul and some other places. Because of that case, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan invites by the CNN World Exclusive Interview to talk in live about this incident with Becky Anderson, Host of CNN International’s “Connect the World”. It is such an important interview in the world because it grabs attention of the whole countries in the world, because there are statements about the real fact and situation in that night, new rules, solidarity, value and humanity that influences not only for Turkey but also for other countries. One of the important information comes from the President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, who is responsible to handle the coupists from his country. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has high power to talk about the attempted coup in his country. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has a chance to explain to the world through press. By doing an interview and several news articles, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has many utterances about the attempted coup, what actually happened on that night, what are the influences of other countries about this incident, what are the results and solutions that already has by Turkish President and what are the contrast of the final solutions toward other countries perspectives. Utterances of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan are important to people because he has prominent character in the attempted coup. The conversations or interviews between President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and the press contains many utterances, one of the utterances is directive utterances. Kreidler (1998: 189), states that the utterance that has the intention that the speaker tries to get the addressee to perform some acts are called directive utterances. The 3 conversation between President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and the press is interesting to analyze because this news become important attention in the world and many utterances especially directives utterances said by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in press that has indirect meaning. So writer thinks that several utterances by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan which contains indirect meaning needs to be clarified by pragmatic analysis.  Speech acts according to Austin (1962: 102), falls into three classes, locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts. According to Leech (1983), “He cannot really understand the nature of language itself unless he understands pragmatics”. It describes how important for people to study pragmatics as the nature of language. The human ideas usually expressed by using utterances.  The previous researches written in journals concern on analyzing the directive speech acts utterances. Natkare (2015) examined the highly marked directive speech acts in Arthur Miller’s two famous plays i.e. All My Sons and Death of a Salesman. The next research is Septianingsih and Warsono (2017) examined the directive speech acts performed by lecturers and students, types of directive speech acts favoured by lecturers and students, the ways of directive speech acts related to the lecturer’s power. And the other research is Wulansari and Suhartini (2015) examined the types and functions of directive speech act performed by an Indonesian EFL teacher in one senior high school in Kuningan, Indonesia. Based on the previous research above, there are many variations in each research. The writer attempts to analyze and try to make the variation between the directives utterances and politeness strategy of the utterances by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. So, the writer thinks that this research will complete the previous researches. Several kinds of the utterance of command, request, suggest and urge are the focus of this study. So, the research would develop about the riches utterances of the directive utterances the title of the research that is A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES OF TURKISH PRESIDENT RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN WITH PRESS (2016). 4 2. RESEARCH METHODThe type of the research is descriptive qualitative research. This research focuses toanalyze the directive utterance and politeness strategy of Turkish President RecepTayyip Erdogan in press both in the interview and news article that related with theattempted coup on Friday a clear crime of treason. The object of the research is thedirective utterances. The data of this research is utterances containing directive intentperformed by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The data sources are the script fromThe CNN World Exclusive Interview with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoganthat produced by Laurencone and news articles that related with the attempted coupon Friday a clear crime of treason in press. In the collecting data, the researcher usesdocumentation method and observation. The researcher has steps to analyze the databy describing the intention of directive utterances performed by President ReccepTayyip Erogan by using Kreiler theory (1988) and Vanderveken theory (1990) thendescribing the politeness strategy by using Brown and Levinson theory (1978).3. RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSIONThe result shows the illocutionary acts of directive utterances and the politeness strategies of the directive utterances. Kreidler (1998) divides directive utterances into three types, they are commanding, request and suggestion. The use of urge is to urge a hearer to do something is to request strongly a future course of action with the special preparatory condition that one has reasons for that course of action (Vanderveken, 1990: 158). The theory of politeness strategy by Brown and Levinson (1978) mention five strategies, they are bald on records, positive politeness, negative politeness, off record and do not do the FTA. The result of data finding is presented in the table. 5 Table 1. The result of data finding No Each of Types Frequency Percentage 1. Directive Utterances Commanding 2 7% Requesting 6 22% Suggesting 14 52% Urging 5 19% Amount 27 100% 2. Politeness Strategies Bald on Records 7 26% Positive Politeness 14 52% Negative Politeness 6 22% Amount 27 100% Based on the finding, the researcher found 29 data that belongs to directive utterances. There are 7% of commanding, 22% of requesting, 52% of suggesting and 19% of urging. The other analyze indicated the politeness strategy that results 26% of bald on records, 52% positive politeness and 22% of negative politeness.  4. CONCLUSIONThe writer makes a conclusion as the answer of objective of the study. From the analysis of all the data of directive utterance said by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the researcher found that based on the theory of Kreidler and Vanderveken found four types of directive utterances there are commanding, requesting, suggesting and urging. The researcher also found three strategy of politeness based on Brown and Levinson theory, they are bald on records, positive politeness and negative politeness.  In this point, the researcher makes the conclusions based on the finding and discussion above. The conclusions are as follows: 6 1) The Illocutionary Acts of Directive UtterancesThe researcher analyzed the directive utterance performed by PresidentRecep Tayyip Erdogan in press both in the interview and news articles.According to Kreidler theory (1998) and Vanderveken theory (1990), whenthe speaker (President Recep Tayyip Erdogan) has degree of control to asksomeone to do something in the future. There are four kinds of directiveutterance found in the President Recep Tayyip Erdogan utterances such ascommanding, requesting, suggesting and urging. Commanding is anutterance that makes the hearer to do something, usually the speaker havingthe authority to give orders because the speaker has higher position in socialstatus, power and age. In this research found 2 data or 7% of commanding.Requesting is utterance or the act of asking (someone) for something to begiven or done in politely and formally especially as a favor or courtesy. Inthis research found 6 data or 22%. Suggesting is the utterances we make toother persons to give our opinions as to what they should do or should not do.In this research found 14 data or 52%. Urging is an utterance that urged ahearer to do something is to request strongly a future course of action withspecial preparatory condition that one has reasons for that course of action. Inthis research found 5 data or 19%. Based on the description, the highestpercentage is suggesting and commanding is the lowest percentage.2) The Politeness Strategies of the Directive UtterancesAccording to Brown and Levinson theory (1978) when the addresser(President Recep Tayyip Erdogan) found himself in the situation where theFace Threatening Acts should be performed. There are three kinds ofpoliteness strategy found in President Recep Tayyip Erdogan utterances suchas bald on record politeness strategy, positive politeness strategy and negativepoliteness strategy. Bald on record strategy is doing a baldly, without redress,involves doing it in the most direct, clear unambiguous and concise waypossible. In this research found 7 data or 26% of bald on records. Positive7 politeness strategy is an utterance that seeks to minimize the threat to the addressee’s positive face. In this research found 14 data or 52% of positive politeness strategy. Negative politeness strategy is an utterance that oriented towards the addressee’s negative face and emphasizes avoidance of imposition on the addresser. In this research found 6 data or 22% of negative politeness strategy. Based on the description, the highest percentage is positive politeness strategy and negative politeness strategy is the lowest percentage. BIBLIOGRAPHY Austin, J.L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Great Britain: Oxford University Press. Ayeomoni, Omoniyi M and Akinkuolere, Olajoke S. (2012). A Pragmatics Analysis of Victory and Inaugural Speeches of President Umaru Musa Yar’ Adua. 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Bandung: Alfabeta. Thomas, Jenny. (1982). Cross-Cultural Pragmatics Failure. University of Lancaster. Vanderveken, Daniel. (2009). Meaning and Speech Acts. New York. Cambridge University Press.  Yule, George. (1996). Pragmaticss. New York: Oxford University Press 

A Pragmatic Analysis of Directive Utterances of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan with Press (2016)

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A Pragmatic Analysis of Directive Utterances of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan with Press (2016)

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