Kmiotek-Meier, Emilia Alicja

Nienaber, Birte

Samuk, Sahizer

Open Repository and Bibliography - Luxembourg

The	research	from	the	MOVE	project	leading	to	these	results	has	received	funding	from	Horizon	2020	under	Grant	Agreement	N° 649263.	Prof.	Birte	Nienaber,	Emilia	Kmiotek-Meier	and	Dr.	Sahizer SamukUniversity	of	LuxembourgNational	Move	Conference	in	Romania23	February	2018	Employment	and	higher	education	related	mobilities:	The	case	of	LuxembourgOutline • Mobility to / from Luxembourg in general• Qualitative results regarding employment• Qualitative results regarding higher education• Final conference3MOBILITY FROM / TO LUXEMBOURG IN GENERALLuxembourg in the Greater Region• Luxembourg is a mobility utiliserFuture Plans0102030405060Move to anothercountryMove to homecountryMove to antoherpart of thecountry ofcurrent residenceLearn a newlanguageObtain a higherqualificationBecomeunemployedGet training towork in differentdomainFemale Malemobiles, from LU, in %N=628 (390 female, 238 male)Motivations01020304050607080Previous knowledge of the languageTo learn / improve languagesFamily related reasonsPersonal relationships in the chosen countryStudy related reasonsimprove working conditionsbe unable to find a job in my own countryThe financial situation in my own countryThe political situation in my own countryPersonal health reasonsIn order to improve opportunities for personal /…Feeling attracted to culutre/countryHaving been there beforeFor love, getting together with parentsNo interestFemale Malemobiles, from LU, in %N=628 (390 female, 238 male)Obstacles051015202530354045Lack of sufficient language skillsLack of support or informationDifficulties to register in education / trainingObstacles or difference in recognitionDifficulties finding a job abroadDifficulties to obtain a work permit abroadA worse welfare systemMy partner is not willing to movePsychological well-beingFinancial commitments current place o.r.I did not experience any barrier/difficultiesFemale Malemobiles, from LU, in %N=628 (390 female, 238 male)8Qualitative results regarding employmentFostering factors for Incoming EU citizens (employment)• Pull and push factors (Greece, Poland and Romania)• Friends or colleagues as examples and job facilitators• International state of mind, universal man, global skills– Curiousness for other cultures and other people– Multiculturalism• Language (mainly English)• Positive view of the Luxembourgish– Friendly, open, cheerful, helpful, etc. • Transitory place – life stageHindering Factors before employment mobility (into Luxembourg)Reasons for not doing Erasmus (3 different interviews)• Institutional and individual: they did not have sufficient level of English to do Erasmus• Institutional: Or either at their time there were not enough universities involved in Erasmus programmes• Individual: Personal reasons (not to leave relationships) Motivations of MobilityMicro level: • “Wanted something different” • Feeling of the need to grow up or to achieve something by oneself• Taking risks (I am young I can do that)Meso level: • International parents, international childhood with travels, previous experience with Erasmus etc. Macro level: • In Luxembourg finding and contacting companies is fairly easy• Global competences Positive Results• Save money for return• Enjoy multiculturalism • Mobility facilitates more mobility (positive or negative?)• Deciding via agency, deciding by oneself – Feeling like an adult – Growing more self confident and “learning to love oneself” • Studying languages and gaining intercultural and professional skillsSome interesting quotes• “Luxembourg helped me move to Germany” (outgoing female)• “Have never talked so much about travels in my life as I have done here” (incoming male)• “For sure not UK, as there are too many Polish there” (incoming female) • “Romanian community does not have such a great effect on me staying or leaving” (incoming female)Common patterns between Incoming and Outgoing• Safety: feeling safe in Luxembourg (both for Luxembourgish and non Luxembourgish)• Temporariness (contracts and necessity of being mobile)• Feeling more free • Family envisioning and support • Return becomes sometimes problematic for both since they see the things that are not “right” in their home countries• Feeling young to take risks (for incoming) • Feeling young to stay in Luxembourg (for outgoing) 15Qualitative results regarding higher educationStudent	mobility	in	Luxembourg2003 foundation of the University of Luxembourgdegree mobility from LU• 75 % of all enrolled in tertiary education study abroad• Degree mobility from LU: mainly DE, FR, BEdegree mobility into LU• + 50% of students enrolled have no LU nationality• mainly other EU-countriescredit mobility from LU• an obligatory semester abroad for undergraduates16Peers17-> romantic relationship “in danger” and as responsibility (rather credit mobility)“If I hadn’t a boyfriend, I would even maybe have gone to Finland”(I8, 269-270, credit in Germany) -> friends at home“Because it was easier to stay here in the country and because all my friends stayed here I hadn’t the courage to go abroad, despite the fact that I was accepted “ (I7, 20-22, not realised degree in Germany, credit France)The self18-> negative experiences before“Because I was sceptical (...) I was very nervous already one year before. I thought: Nooooo, how should it work?” (I5, 51-54, degree in Belgium and credit in Germany) -> for others: sometimes they are scared but they go19OBSTACLES IN TRANSFER TO NATIONAL LABOUR MARKET1. Transparent information 2. Competences/knowledge transfer3. Limited labour market at home20FOSTERING FACTORS1. Normality / obligation2. Financial aspects3. Peers4. Parents5. Strive for independenceFinal Conference08./09. March 2018Final Conference in Esch-Belval, Luxembourg• Dr. Valentina Cuzzocrea– Youth and Mobility• Prof. Dr. Bridget Anderson– Youth migration and precarious employment of young people• Prof. Dr. Martin Kahanec– Economic perspectives on migration and mobility• Prof. Dr. Rubén Hernandez-Leon– Cross border US/Mexico in comparison to third country immigration EU

Employment and higher education related mobilities: The case of Luxembourg

http://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/35019/1/MOVE_Bucharest%20presentation_23%20February%202018_BN_short%20EKM.pdf

Employment and higher education related mobilities: The case of Luxembourg

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