Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas as causative agents of fish disease

Abstract

Ribe su kao i druge skupine životinja podložne bakterijskim infekcijama, pogotovo u stresnim uvjetima. Bolest se može pojaviti sistemski ili može biti ograničena na vanjske površine kao što su to koža ili škrge. Pritom su vidljive mnoge promjene na zaraženom primjerku koje se očituju fiziološki ili bihevioralno. Predstavnici više od 25 porodica bakterija su povezivani sa oboljenjima riba pa tako i oni roda Pseudomonas. Do sad je zabilježeno šest vrsta koje su primarni ili sekundarni patogeni: Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes te Pseudomonas putida. Sveprisutne su u vodenom okolišu te se uglavnom smatraju oportunističkim ili slabim primarnim patogenima. Izazivaju ponajviše krvarenja u velikom broju organa, nakupljanje peritonealne tekućine te lezije i ulkuse, a bolest često završava smrću jedinke. Ekonomski najznačajnija zbog velikih gubitaka u akvakulturi je Pseudomonas anguilliseptica.Fish are, as well as other groups of animals, susceptible to bacterial infections, especially under stressfull conditions. The disease may present itself sistemically or be constrained to the outer surfaces such as gills or the skin. Many changes can be observed concerning the diseased individual, physiological or behavioral. Representatives of over 25 families of bacteria have been linked to fish diseases including the genus Pseudomonas. So far, there have been six species identified as causative agents of fish disease: Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes te Pseudomonas putida. They are ubiquitous in the environment and are mainly thought of as oportunistic or weak primary pathogens. These bacteria cause mostly haemorrhages in a number of organs, the accumulation of ascitic fluid in the abdomen as well as lesions and ulcers. Due to the losses in aquaculture Pseudomonas anguilliseptica is economically most significant