Plant macrofosils from roman harbour in Zaton near Nin

Abstract

U ovom radu primijenjena je arheobotanička metoda analize biljnih makrofosila na ukupno 52 uzorka iz podmorskog arheološkog lokaliteta – antičke luke u Zatonu kraj Nina. Iz uzoraka je izdvojeno ukupno 2575 sjemenki, plodova i drugih biljnih ostataka, od kojih je determinirano njih 2403, najvećim dijelom do nivoa vrste. Analiza dobivenih rezultata pokazala je da su najvažniji poljoprivredni proizvodi bili vinova loza (Vitis vinifera), maslina (Olea europaea) i smokva (Ficus carica). Uzgajali su se i/ili bili predmetom trgovine i trešnja/višnja (Prunus avium/cerasus), breskva (Prunus persica) i badem (Prunus amygdalus), te različito povrće i začinsko bilje. U antičko doba bila je razvijena sredozemna vegetacija sveze Quercion ilicis i antropogenim djelovanjem već tada degradirana u makiju, garig i pašnjake. Ostatci rotkve (Raphanus sativus) najstariji su do sada nađeni materijalni dokaz koji potvrđuje pretpostavke o njenom uzgoju već od antičkih vremena. Zanimljiv je i nalaz vrste Glaucium cormculatum, koja recentno nije zabilježena za Hrvatsku.The archaeobotanical method of analizing herbal macrofosils was applied to a total of 52 samples from an undersea archeological locality - an ancient port in Zaton near Nin. Out of the collected samples, a total of 2575 seeds, fruits and other herbal remains have been separated, out of which 2403 have been determinated, mostly up to species level. An analysis of the results illustrated that the most important agricultural products were the grape vine (Vitis vinifera), olives (Olea europaea) and figs (Ficus carica). The sweet/sour cherry (Prunus avium/cerasus), peach (Prunus persica) and almond (Prunus amygdalus), some vegetables and seasoning plants were cultivated or traded as well. Mediterranean vegetation of alliance Quercion ilicis was established in ancient times. Under anthropogenic influence it then already degraded into maquis, garigues and pastures. Remains of radish (Raphanus sativus) are the oldest material evidence found so far that confirms the assumptions about its cultivation dating back to Roman times. Finding of Glaucium cormculatum species is also interesting, which has not recently been documented in Croatia