Carlsward, Barbara S.

Whitten, Mark

English

The Keep

The correct genus for the jingle bell orchid, Harrisella porrecta

Carlsward, Barbara

Eastern Illinois University

Eastern Illinois UniversityThe KeepFaculty Research & Creative Activity Biological SciencesJanuary 2008The correct genus for the jingle bell orchid,Harrisella porrectaBarbara S. CarlswardEastern Illinois University, bscarlsward@eiu.eduMark WhittenUniversity of FloridaFollow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_facPart of the Biology CommonsThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Research &Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact tabruns@eiu.edu.Recommended CitationCarlsward, Barbara S. and Whitten, Mark, "The correct genus for the jingle bell orchid, Harrisella porrecta" (2008). Faculty Research &Creative Activity. 266.http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac/266Cu.rlJ'tl.'tJ.;-d & !'Phir:m: T in: CoJtREcr Gr:Nt:S r:oa n m J!NGLr. fi r.J.I. 0Rc:s 110, 1-lA.'J..R!Jli i JA ro.'J..RECJ:A T HE CORRECT GE!'.'US FOR THE }INGLE B ELL O RCHID, HARRISELLA PORRECTA Barbara Carfsward & ft1ark Whitten r-:oce: Mark W'luu:en recc:ndy brought to my attenoon cv.·o of 1'-js recent public:moos th:u vatid:ne the ind USlon of the fanulhr l":!otid:t jingle:-hell ordlid, 1-famiilkJ P''Ytff(J, in the genus Dmr:'rcpl!)·!a:<. The fol~wlng 1s taken &om these t.V..'O p:tpcts: Molecular ph)'logenc:ocs o( neouopical !c-.aflc:ss Angtac:cinac (Orc.hld::tceac:): n.-c\•ah.1:tdon of gcnt-'1ic conc.epts. Oarbata S. C:at!~w:ard, \V. !\lark Wh iuc:n, a."Jd ='ort1S H. WiBi.-ams Tntm:dfft)l,'a/ jtJJtfn:ll if Pk.·111 Sdnur- i 64(1):4~51 . 2003 and Ghosts oi the Canl'bc:ln. Mark \'\?hinen :tnd 6arb:tra S. Carls"''a!d. Ord;id; 75(10): 742-49. 2006. PMB AJJ species of Dtttdmp4>·1ax, Hani.Jdla, and P6fymditibn are leafless, bm Camp)'lottntrutn include.s both leafy and leafless spec-ies. Flower size varies dramatically among and widlltl geaeca. Dendrophyklx fimali5 (Sw.) Benth. ex Rolfe, D"'drr;phylax fau<tllii Rolfe, Dmdr•phyklx Ja!lfi (Rchb.f.) Benth. e::< Rolf-e. and P6-!Jraditio'' lindmii (Lind1.) Garay pcoduce lacge white, noccurnaUy fragrant flowers wich long. ne.ctariferous spurs (ca. 15 em in D. fauxtllii ). whereas other species of Dtndrop4Jiax pcoduce mLtch sma11er, gteenish flowers. HmriJel!a pof'I'U'Ia (Rchb.f.) Fa,vc. & Rendle has tiny. greenish tan Oo\vers v;.ith a short (ca. 1 mm), bilobed spur; the inflorescence is few flowered and relatively !a.x. In comrasr, most spe·cies of CampJ•IMtnl!'11m ptodllce short, congested inflorescence axes bearing 10- 20 smaU, white flowecs with celarively short spurs. ).'fany o f Lhe 0 1d \'(Todd Angraecinae have large white, spurred flowers Lhat exhibit a ha\vkmoth pollination syndrome. Be.caL\Se vegetative chacacters are reduced or greatly alteced in lhese leafless occhids. the generic concepts of ~eot:ropica) Angraecinae have been based largely on gross floral and pollinaril.'tm mocpho!ogy. l\·(ost species were originally p!ace.d i f! the genus Aeranlh11s Lindl. by early workecs and ,vere later separated from Lhe Pa1eotrop:ca1 raxa into segregate geneca. 1lle most recent comprel:ensive taxonomic tteatmem of NeotropicaJ Angraecinae is thal of N ir {2000) in his examination of Antillean Orchidaceae. In this work. N ir (2000) transferred Po/)·radki.tJn and Cam{?)'lottntrum tO/I.Jianzeme Gara}' inro Dmdrop~yhx and transferred HtmiJdla into GunpJ'ItHetUfllm, lea-~lng two Neotropical genera distinguished by flower reSL)pinacion and fnUt size. To date. four species of HtmiJ~Ua have been described: H. fJ61rMia (Fig. 1.2}, Ht1rrisellt1 Jiliformis (Sw.) Cogn., Harriulia Montmrdi (Rchb.f.) Cogn., and Hamsdl.• unijhm DieU'ich . Ackerman (1995} examined Lhe types of Lhese taxa and condL)ded Lhat H. Ji4Ji;rmiJ and H. 11101.'/M.rdi were synonrmous \vich the leafless Gwi_P.yltHet:lf11!11 .Ji/iftt!11e (S'""'·) Cogn. ex Ko.nt%e. Citing unp1.1blished studies of Cuban Ht~rri5e/la hy Jorge Ferro D faz, Ackerman (1995) also regarded H. un!J1ora as a synon)1ll of H. pom11a. Converse!)·, Nir (2000) regarded H. un!J1ora as a S)'l100)1ll of C. Jiliforme. ln both cases, Hanitd!a was reduced ro a single species, H. pcnuta. Specimens were obralned from cu1tivared mareriai, herbarh.un specimens, or wiJd.coUecred plants. Samples of P•fymdidon lind.wi1~ CamJ!yk><er.lmm paci?JrriJitt"" (Rcbb.f.) Rolfe, and HarriJtlla porrecta from Fakaharchee Strand Stare Preserve State Park, Florida, and H. pomrla from Grand Cayman are unvouchered; we were only a11ov;.·ed to collect coot tips because o f the raricy of tbese spe.cies at t})ese localitie-S. Protocols foe extraction, amplification. and DNA sequencing from fresh and silica gel-dried material are given in \Vhitten et al. (2000). 272 Carl.r.~'tJ.,.d& Whi::nr. T i m C'.OR!mcr GENt:S roR nm JINGU: Or:J.I. O!tc:l-l fD, HA.'lru.rrJJA PO.'tRECTA ~l11e tesll1ts of this work tequited the ttansfer of Ham!e/ft, pt;f1'U/a to the-genns Dmdropi!)·Jax. Dcndrophylax porrccrus (Rchb.f.) Cadswatd & Whitten BaJionym. Atm111huJ pomti:<J Rchb.f., Flora 48:279, 1865. Sj'I1onyms. Campykctntmm pomctmn (Rchb.f.) Rolfe, The Onhid &ni"" 11:247, 1903; Htmisdfr. pomdr. (Rchb.f.) Fawc. & Rendle, j ournal ofBotat!Y 47:266, 1909; Hani1dfa amesiana Cogn., .'!J·mbohe A 11 ilkmM 6:687, 1910; Hanise/la uniflora H. DieU'., Die OrdJided3:1S-19, 1982. DiJJrili111itJn. El Salvador. Florida. Greater Ancilles,l\,fe:dco. ~!~!e:: ..~ig;,:;;; t:he mot~ are intcrnvincd \\~th spun · rubes of we-b $ptnnct insects (£mhyopLcc~2). The molecular data also show that the lat~·floweted D. lindenii (syn. Polyradicion lindeniJ) and the diminutive D. porrectus (syn. Harrisella porrecta) ate embedded within Dendrophylax, and metel}~ represent extremes in flower size and adaptations to different sizes of pollinators (Fig. 3). ~·fost species of Dendl'flp~)'hx ate endemic m the Caribbe.an island of Hispaniola (H.aici and che Dominican Republic) and bear small. relatively iocot'lspicuous greenish to white flowers. Most are rately collected by botanists and are poorly knov,;n. Botanical uploracion of Lhe moantains of the Dominican Republic and Cuba is like1y to reveal undescribe-d species. Dendrcp~)'lax fJ6ffttllls is the most wide-ranging species and can be !oca!Jy abondant on s!ender twigs of a wide range of hose trees. ranging from the humid swamps of south Florida ro seasonally dry 273 forests of Yocatan to dry scrub forests in the Dominican Republic. Although the floral morphology of D. pomtluJ appears relativety urllform across its range., the p~aots vary geographicall)• in si:t.e, root t:hic!ul.ess, and habil'at preference. DN A d-ata reveal Sl\hstantial sequence divergence among populations, and we suspect that Lherc may be cryptic spec-ies wirhin D. porrectM that have gone unrecognize-d b)• botanists because both Oon1 and ve-getative morphology are so reduced. Mg. 3 One of 162 shonc-st cvolutio n:try ucc-s tc-sulring ftom :t heunstk p:ts'Sinx>ny search o f the co:nbincd data m';ltrix fo! th«'.e gene rcg:ior.s (rtS,JfnL-F, :tnd ma..·A.) . L ITEIV\TURE CiTED : Ac.kc-rm:tn,J.D . i995. A1: OrdJ/J FkfU o/P:o~fM- H.k(n u:d :ht Viog.it l;/m:dJ. N~· York Oounb.l G';l!den, NC'\\• York. Nir, 1-.LA. 2000. Ort/;idrK.trllAIIti!k.·ltut. 0:\G ~-lcdi:t, NC\11 York. Whitten, M.W., N'.H.. Willi-ams, ar.d M .\'\1• Chase. :2000. Suhtrib.U 2nd generic relationships of ~b.xi!ladeac- (Orchidao::ac) with emphasis on St:tnllOpcl!"lac: comhmed molecul';lt .evidence. :\metkast Jourml of Botany 87:1842- 57. B:~il;.;raCadmvinJ. P/;D., Dcy:tnmem of Uiological Sc1enccs, l!.';lste:m ULinch Univcrs.iry, 600 Lmcoln Avenue, Ch2rleston, LL 61920 email: llli:;u:ls.\\r:;.ts:J@-ci\U:ili.l Mufk Wt£r11.n_, PI;D., S.."':flior 01ologtca! Saemir.t, 3SS Okktn.son Hal~ !' lorida Museum o f Natural History, Unl\'<:!sity o f 111orida, P.O . Om: I i 7800, C'l'.1ine:willc, f l. 32611 -7800 em-ail: wlmrro,'trl'n•oh uO .xh; Phmog-raphs by ~lark W1l!ttcn ~me: For read:.•:rs who v.-ant a s.implifiod explanation of c.l:ldisucs Qlow these trees ate rnadc and how to re:!.d them), sec C'atkward: lJs.mg the ttces to sec the fotcst. T& Ot:lid'Rtt.1iil.·. ll l(no. 125i}: iG6·167, 174, & i 78} 200.3 .. 274 

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The correct genus for the jingle bell orchid, Harrisella porrecta

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