Iioka, Naoko

Manickam, S.K. (Sandra)

Erasmus University Digital Repository

1October 2016Translation of Japanese Entries in the Bibliography on the Japanese Occupation ofMalaya, Singapore and Northern Borneo, 1941-1945Sandra Khor ManickamIioka NaokoPrefaceThis bibliography is a partial translation of マラヤ日本占領期文献目録（1941-45 年）Maraya Nihon Senryōki Bunken Mokuroku (1941-45-nen) [Bibliography on the JapaneseOccupation of Malaya, Singapore and Northern Borneo, 1941-1945] compiled by the Forumfor Research Materials on the Japanese Occupation of Malaya and Singapore, published byRyūkei Shosha in 2007. The Director of the Forum was Akashi Yōji, and scholars Hara Fujio and Masutani Satoshi were co-authors.1 The original bibliography consists of a Japanese-Chinese Language section and an English-Malay Language section. Based on the Japanese-Chinese Language section, a total of 1,681 Japanese titles have been transliterated andtranslated into English. Books and articles written in Chinese, Malay and English are notincluded. We strongly advise users to refer to the original bibliography which includesChinese, English and Malay materials, alongside this translation of the Japanese titles.The idea for this translation took shape several years ago in conversations between theproject initiators, Sandra Khor Manickam and Iioka Naoko. Both of us shared an interest inthe Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia, and of Malaya and Singapore in particular. ForManickam, questions abounded regarding Japan’s research into the cultures of localpopulations and if there was a discernible Japanese history of anthropology of Malaya similarto studies undertaken by Jan van Bremen and Shimizu Akitoshi for other territories underJapanese imperialism.2 For Iioka, the focus of interest lay in prewar Japanese emigrants inMalaya and their experiences through World War II.1 Forum for Research Materials on the Japanese Occupation of Malaya and Singapore, ed., MarayaNihon Senryōki Bunken Mokuroku, 1941-45-nen [Bibliography on the Japanese Occupation of Malaya,Singapore and Northern Borneo, 1941-1945] (Tokyo: Ryūkei Shosha, 2007). For a history of the Forum and background to the publication of the above volume, see Hayase Shinzō, “The Compilation of Records of the Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia,” in Indochina, Thailand, Japan and France during World War II, ed.Shiraishi Masaya (Tokyo: Waseda University, Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, 2015), 77-85, accessed 21August 2016, http://dspace.wul.waseda.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2065/45957.2 Shimizu Akitoshi and Jan van Bremen, eds., Wartime Japanese Anthropology in Asia and the Pacific(Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology, 2003); Jan van Bremen and Shimizu Akitoshi, eds., Anthropology andColonialism in Asia: Comparative and Historical Colonialism (Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1999).2October 2016There have been a number of scholarly writings on the subject of the Japaneseoccupation of Southeast Asia and we expected that some of our interests would be covered inthose publications. However, upon closer inspection, the scholarly attention given has beenby a select group of researchers and on very general aspects of the occupation or a fewspecific ones focused on one country and not others. Apart from the military aspects of thewar, the general aspects include the facts of the occupation, such as when it began, when itended, and some of the major plot points during the occupation including massacres, forcedlabor and migration, forced prostitution, treatment of POWs, and economic consequences forSoutheast Asia as a whole, and Malaya and Borneo in particular.3 More specific approachesdealt with, among others, local nationalists and their engagements with Japanese occupationforces,4 cultural propaganda in certain territories,5 and the documentation of particular events,most famously the construction of the Thai - Burma Railway.6For Malaya, Singapore and Northern Borneo, there have been different emphases toeach of these areas which correspond to modern-day Malaysia (West and East Malaysia) andSingapore. The Japanese occupation carries different meanings for both countries, withMalaysian official discourse mostly highlighting the benefits to Malay nationalists inbreaking the yoke of British colonialism,7 while in Singapore the emphasis has been on themassacre of large numbers of Chinese at the start of the occupation and the struggle for3 For general English scholarship on the Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia, see Alfred W. McCoy,ed., Southeast Asia under Japanese Occupation (New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1980);Gotō Ken’ichi, Tensions of Empire: Japan and Southeast Asia in the Colonial and Postcolonial World(Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2003); Grant K. Goodman, ed., Japanese Cultural Policies in SoutheastAsia during World War 2 (New York: St Martin's Press, 1991); Paul H. Kratoska, ed., Southeast AsianMinorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire, (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002); Joyce C. Lebra, ed., Japanese-Trained Armies in Southeast Asia: Independence and Volunteer Forces in World War II (Hong Kong:Heinemann Educational Books, 1977); Paul H. Kratoska, ed., Food Supplies and the Japanese Occupation inSouth-East Asia (New York: St. Martins's Press, 1998); Wolf Mendl, ed., Japan & South East Asia (London:Routledge, 2001).For scholarship more specific to the territories of present-day Malaysia and Singapore, see Paul H.Kratoska, The Japanese Occupation of Malaya 1941-1945: The Social and Economic History (Honolulu:University of Hawai'i Press, 1997); Akashi Yōji and Yoshimura Mako, eds., New Perspectives on the JapaneseOccupation in Malaya and Singapore, 1941-1945 (Singapore: NUS Press, 2008); Ooi Keat Gin, Rising Sun overBorneo: The Japanese Occupation of Sarawak, 1941-1945 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999); Ooi Keat Gin,The Japanese Occupation of Borneo, 1941-45 (London: Routledge, 2011).4 Satō Shigeru, “Japanese Occupation, Resistance, and Collaboration in Asia,” in World War II in Asiaand the Pacific and the War’s Aftermath, with General Themes: A Handbook of Literature and Research, ed.Loyd E. Lee (Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press, 1998), 121-137; Gotō Ken’ichi, “The Cooperation, Submission, and Resistance of Southeast Asian Elites in the Wartime Empire,” in Tensions of Empire,” 77-106.5 For instance, see chapters in Goodman, Japanese Cultural Policies in Southeast Asia during WorldWar 2.6 Paul H. Kratoska, ed., The Thailand-Burma Railway, 1942-1946: Documents and Selected Writings(London and New York: Routledge, 2006); Gavan McCormack and Hank Nelson, eds., The Burma-ThailandRailway: Memory and History (Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 1993); The Thai-Burma Railway and HellfirePass, accessed 11 July 2016, http://hellfire-pass.commemoration.gov.au/.7 See Kevin Blackburn and Karl Hack, War Memory and the Making of Modern Malaysia andSingapore (Singapore: NUS Press, 2012).3October 2016survival thereafter.8 For more than a half century since the late 1960s, Akashi Yōji has been a fixture in studies on the Japanese occupation of Malaya and Singapore. He and YoshimuraMako recently published an edited volume in English along with other authors researchingnew themes of the occupation.9 It is with this publication that our interest was stoked onceagain and we began to take steps to widen the base of our source material.One of us (Manickam) is primarily an English, Malay and Dutch speaker, while theother (Iioka) is a native Japanese speaker who also speaks, reads and writes English andDutch. There have been other joint ventures such as ours, for instance, between AnthonyReid and Shiraishi Saya; Anthony Reid and Ōki Akira; and Gregg Huff and Majima Shinobu.10 In conversations between Manickam and Iioka, it was obvious that there was avast group of sources that have been made available in the last few years that would make thestudy of the occupation of Southeast Asia a much easier enterprise than it was perhaps even adecade ago. These sources include bibliographies,11 digital archives,12and searchable librarydatabases all over the world. There have also been attempts to expand studies on occupationinto more than just the facts of occupation and to delve into areas such as Japanesecolonialism as a larger phenomenon, comparative studies between different occupied areas on8 The National Archives of Singapore has published extensively on the occupation, such as Battle forSingapore:Fall of the Impregnable Fortress: Reflections & Memories of War Volume 1 (Singapore: NationalArchives of Singapore, 2011); Syonan Years, 1942-1945: Reflections & Memories of War Volume 2 (Singapore:National Archives of Singapore, 2009); The Liberation - Resisting the Rising Sun and A New Beginning:Reflections & Memories of War Volume 3 (Singapore: National Archives of Singapore, 2012); Pitt Kuan Wah,ed., Memories Unfolded: A Guide to Memories at Old Ford Factory (Singapore: National Archives of Singapore,2008). Lee Geok Boi, The Syonan Years: Singapore Under Japanese Rule 1942-1945 (Singapore: NationalArchives of Singapore, 2005); Hong Suen Wong, Wartime Kitchen: Food and Eating in Singapore, 1942-1950(Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 2009).9 Akashi and Yoshimura, New Perspectives.10 Anthony Reid and Shiraishi Saya, “Rural Unrest in Sumatra, 1942: A Japanese Report,” Indonesia21 (1976): 115-133; Anthony Reid and Ōki Akira, eds., The Japanease Experience in Indonesia: SelectedMemoirs of 1942-1945 (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1986); Gregg Huff and Majima Shinobu, “FinancingJapan’s World War II Occupation of Southeast Asia,” The Journal of Economic History 73, 4 (2013): 937-977;Gregg Huff and Majima Shinobu, World War II Singapore: The Chosabu Reports on Syonan (forthcoming).11 For instance, Shimizu Hajime, ed., British Documents on Japanese-Southeast Asian Relationship inthe Pacific Record Offices (Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economics, 1992); John J. Sbrega, ed., The WarAgainst Japan, 1941-1945: An Annotated Bibliography (New York: Garland, 1989; Reprint, Abingdon:Routledge, 2015); Justin J. Corfield, A Bibliography of the Malayan Campaign and the Japanese Period in WestMalaysia, Singapore and Borneo, 1941-1945 (Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 2001); Akashi Yōji, “An Annotated Bibliographical Study of Japanese Occupation of Malaya/Singapore, 1941-45,” in New Perspectives,ed. Akashi and Yoshimura, 250-282.12 For instance, Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (JACAR) provides a database(www.jacar.go.jp) with digitized images received from various national agencies including the NationalArchives of Japan, Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, and National Institute forDefense Studies of the Ministry of Defense. National Diet Library Digital Collections (http://dl.ndl.go.jp/) allowusers to access a vast number of materials owned by Japanese libraries. Japan Institute of DevelopingEconomies Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO) offers digital archives under the heading “Japan inModern Asia” (http://d-arch.ide.go.jp/asia_archive/index.html), which include records of the Japanese Navy.4October 2016specific themes such as the treatment of the Chinese or the press,13 and cultural aspects suchas Japanese perceptions of Southeast Asia.14As with many translations, the translation of the Japanese entries of the originalbibliography is not the end product. The purpose of making this translation available to thewider community of scholars is to spur others into translating Japanese material into otherlanguages so that we may pool our efforts and resources to make a daunting task moremanageable. Summarizing the state of study on the Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asiaboth in Japanese and in English literature, Huff and Majima’s review article points out theinformation gap due to the persistent linguistic divide and called for translation projects.15Recently, a few volumes from Senshi Sōsho (War History Series) have been translated into English. 16 The 102-volume series, compiled by the War History Office of the NationalDefense College of Japan and originally published between 1966 and 1980, is the officialmilitary history of the Japanese Army and Navy concerning World War II. Undoubtedly,these volumes contain much that would be relevant to specialists of Malaya and Singaporeand is yet another resource that awaits translation by interested researchers.In terms of collective scholarly effort, we are thinking about a database called theMalay Concordance Project (mcp.anu.edu.au) whereby scholars transliterate material writtenin Jawi (Malay in Arabic script) into romanised Malay and donate their translations to adatabase where it may be searchable in romanised Malay. By now, the project houses awealth of transliterations from the fourteenth to the twentieth century and is a key resourcefor anybody studying the Malay world. Perhaps, in time, such a database will also beavailable for Japanese sources on the war and occupation that are translated into English andother languages, such that scholars will be able to access and use them in their own studies on13 Kelvin Chow Ka-kin, “Hong Kong and Malaya under the Japanese Occupation 1941-1945” (PhDdiss., University of Hong Kong, 1999); Layton Horner, “Japanese Military Administration in Malaya and thePhilippines” (PhD Diss., University of Arizona, 1973); Benjamin Ng Wai-Ming, “A Comparative Study ofJapanese Cultural Policies in Hong Kong and Singapore during the Occupation Period 1942-1945,” in Japanand Southeast Asia: Continuity and Change in Modern Times, eds. Teow See Heng, et al., (Quezon City:Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2014): 79-92.14 Yamamoto Mayumi, “Spell of the Rebel, Monumental Apprehensions: Japanese Discourses on PieterErberveld,” Indonesia 77 (2004): 109-143; Ethan Mark, “The Perils of Co-Prosperity: Takeda Rintarō, Occupied Southeast Asia, and the Seductions of Postcolonial Empire,” American Historical Review 119, 4(2014): 1117-1128.15 Gregg Huff and Majima Shinobu, “The Japanese Occupation of South East Asia during the SecondWorld War,” South East Asia Research 19, 4 (2011): 855–877.16 Steven Bullard, trans., Japanese Army Operations in the South Pacific Area: New Britain and PapuaCampaigns, 1942–43 (Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 2007), accessed 22 August 2016,http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/ajrp/ajrp2.nsf/WebI/JpnOperations/$file/JpnOpsText.pdf?OpenElement. At present, theCorts Foundation (The Netherlands) is undertaking the Senshi Sōsho project with the aim of translating six volumes pertaining to the Dutch East Indies into English. The first volume was published in 2015. WillemRemmelink, trans., ed., The Invasion of the Dutch East Indies (Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2015).5October 2016World War II, the Malay world, Southeast Asia, and other possible topics of interest. At thesame time, further questioning will facilitate the unearthing and preserving of yet-to-be foundmaterials and provide an impetus to translating the sources into other languages. We are wellaware that within different academic language communities, the state of knowledge is quitedifferent. We hope that this project will contribute to bridging the linguistic gaps andencouraging further conversation between academic spheres.The translation of the Japanese portion of this bibliography was made possible by theNanyang Technological University (NTU) Start-Up Grant received by Manickam. The endresult — the preface, editorial notes and the translated bibliography in excel format — is nowdeposited at the NTU Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) library portal where it may beaccessed via that university’s intranet. Having the translation of the bibliography accessiblevia the university intranet was made possible through the work of Chia Yew Boon (Head,HSS Library) and Ng Kiak Peng (Senior Librarian, HSS Library), and with the kindpermission of the publisher of the original bibliography, Ryūkei Shosha. We would like to extend our thanks to Himemoto-Hiraishi Yumiko (Toyota Foundation) for providing usassistance as a liaison between the publishing house and the authors.The translation, including additional research into the present location of the materials,the compilation of abbreviations and editorial notes, was completed by Iioka. A portion of thetranslation was initially undertaken by Damien David Jungman. Manickam assisted with thefinal editing of the titles in English, with translating titles from Malay to English wherenecessary and drafting the preface. Additional support and advice was provided by PaulKratoska (NUS Press, Singapore), Majima Shinobu (Gakushūin University, Japan) and Ishikawa Ryōta (Ritsumeikan University, Japan). As always, all mistakes are our own. Should readers wish to report any errors, please do not hesitate to contact Manickam atskmanickam@hotmail.com. More up-to-date information about the bibliography project maybe found at http://manickam.nl/research%20projects.html.Sandra Khor Manickam and Iioka NaokoOctober 2016To cite this work: Sandra Khor Manickam and Naoko Iioka, “Preface”, in Translation of Japanese Entries in theBibliography on the Japanese Occupation of Malaya, Singapore and Northern Borneo, 1941-1945 (OnlinePublication, http://manickam.nl/research%20projects.html, October 2016).6October 2016Note on the TranslationAbbreviations used here are unique to this volume only. The original bibliography has itsown system of abbreviations.In cases where the original bibliography contains duplicate data, the first entry is kept and thesecond is omitted. For romanization of Japanese, the modified Hepburn Romanization systemdefined by the Library of Congress has been employed. Macrons are used to indicate longvowels. Korean names are transliterated according to the McCune-Reischauer Romanizationsystem. In addition, Korean alphabets are provided. For all Chinese names, the Hanyu Pinyinsystem is applied.As for the order of Japanese, Korean and Chinese personal names, first name follows thefamily name. When a Japanese name offers more than one possible way of reading it, variouspronunciations are provided with a forward slash (/) dividing each option. Regarding Koreanand Chinese personal names written in kanji, the Japanese way of reading the name is addedin square brackets.Bibliographical data and the locations of materials have been checked and updated as of 31March 2016. Wherever possible, additional data have been added to supplement the originaland to provide additional information. In general, where the details cannot be verified, theyare enclosed within square brackets. A question mark inside the square brackets indicates thatthe location provided by the original bibliography could not been confirmed. For example,[?NDL] means that the original bibliography refers to the National Diet Library of Japan(abbreviation: NDL) as the location but the item was not found in the NDL-OPAC or in anyother OPAC hosted by the institutes listed in the Abbreviations.When the listed item is a Japanese translation of a work in another language, the title of theoriginal work is given in the English translation column whenever it is available, even if theoriginal was written in a language other than English.For a modern journal article, the English title provided by the author is always respected.

Translation of Japanese Entries in the Bibliography on the Japanese Occupation of Malaya, Singapore and Northern Borneo, 1941-1945

https://repub.eur.nl/pub/103522/Translation-preface-and-note-SKM-NI.pdf

Translation of Japanese Entries in the Bibliography on the Japanese Occupation of Malaya, Singapore and Northern Borneo, 1941-1945

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