Bongartz, Annette

Brombach, Christine

Clauss, Anne Sophie

Kinner, Julia

Rudorf, Julia

ZHAW digitalcollection

“SENPAN” - Swiss Panel of Elderly People Insights into nutritional and sensory changes in elderly peopleJ. Rudorf, S. Clauss, J. Kinner, A. Bongartz, C. BrombachZHAW - Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, Wädenswil, SwitzerlandContact: Julia Kinner, julia.kinner@zhaw.ch, ZHAW, ILGI, CH-8820 WädenswilThe average age in industrialized countries is constantly increasing which gives rise tochallenges in many areas of life. To study issues that are associated with food, sensory andnutrition the Zurich University of Applied Sciences in Wadenswil (Switzerland) has foundedthe “senpan” (Swiss Panel of Elderly People) that participates in a multidisciplinary long-term study. Since 2012 the groups Sensory and Nutrition have been investigating therelationships between sensory decline, liking, food intake, physiology and socialaspects in a consumer panel with members over 65 years old. The study is designed toidentify and quantify changes in sensory perception and nutritional behavior over the nextfew years through annual assessments. This poster provides a general overview of theproject. Two further posters provide insight into initial areas of focus within the projectframework:• “Insights into sensory changes in elderly people” (P031)• “The impact of age on perception” (P032)IntroductionThe “senpan” currently comprises 60 persons between 64 and 85 years old [52% female,48% male, average age 69,5 (±3,92)] years. All participants live at home and do not requirenursing or care services. The panellists participate annually in the following series of tests:Nutrition: Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), questionnaires concerning food and sociallife. Physiology: anthropometric measurements: Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Hip Ratio(WHR), Physical Activity Level (PAL), circumference of upper arm and calf, BIO-impedancemeasurements. Strength and mobility tests: hand grip strength, Timed-Up & Go-Test, Chair-Rise Test. Sensory: reading test, detection of taste threshold, detection of smell threshold,hearing test, three kinesthetic tests (mouthfeel, distinguishability of surfaces with differentgrain size, distinguishability of hardnesses)Project overviewDistinguishability of surfaces was carried out with sand paper of different grain sizes (80,100, 120, 180 and 240 µm) in a ranking test. Samples were assessed with the dominanthand. It was valuated according to DIN ISO 8587:2010. The PAL was indicated by theparticipants according to the following classification: extremely inactive 1.2, sedentary 1.45,moderately active 1.65, vigorously active 1.85, extremely active 2.2. The PAL Sportaccording to the following: 0.3= 30-60 min. 4-5x/ week; 0.15=30-60 min. 2-3 x/ week;0.075=30-60 min. 1x/ week; 0.01=less often than 1x/week; 0=never. The BMI was evaluatedby measuring height and body weight and computed according to the following formula:body weight in kg divided by the square of the body height in m).The WHR was evaluatedby measuring the waist and hip circumference around the fullest part and computed asfollows: circumference waist (cm) divided by circumference hip (cm). The intake of food wasevaluated via an FFQ.Materials and MethodsWithin the next few years, a unique set of data will be collected with the “senpan” which isreferring to the nutritional behaviour, nutrition-related physiological parameters,physiological capacities, sensory abilities and social life of people in Switzerland above 65years old. The study will contribute to a better understanding of the changes that accompanyaging and provide a baseline for further projects aimed at improving the nutritional status andwell-being of the elderly and the aged.PerspectivesFigure 2: Percentage of correctly positioned samples in the ranking test on distinguishability of surfaces  1296567751151141040 20 40 60 80 100 120 140fruitsvegetablesgrains, pasta, potatoes, ricemilk and milk productsmeat, fish, egg, meat substitutesfats & oilsunsweetened beveragespercent of the SGE recommendationsFigure 1: Daily intake of the main food groups compared with levels recommended by the Swiss nutritional agency (SGE) expressed ad percentagesTable 1 displays the results of the anthropometric measurements of the two tests that werecarried out in 2012 and 2013. It illustrates that the participants are vigorously active and dosport 4-5 times per week for 30-60 min. Women have slightly higher PAL levels compared tomen, which means that they are more active. The BMI levels show that the femaleparticipants are of normal weight, whereas the male participants are moderately overweight.The WHR levels indicate no increased risk for cardiovascular diseases for men and women.No differences were observed between the anthropometric figures that were collected in2012 and 2013. Figure 1 illustrates the intake of the main food groups compared with thedata from the Swiss nutritional agency. It shows that the intake of unsweetened beverages,fats and oils; meat, fish, egg, meat substitutes and fruits are above the recommended levels,whereas the intake of milk and milk products; grains, pasta, potatoes and rice andvegetables are below.ResultsFigure 2 shows that participants had difficulties in ranking sand paper with different grains sizesfrom fine to coarse. The samples with the smaller grain sizes were ranked in the correct positionless often than the samples with the bigger grain sizes. This suggests that the haptic sensitivityof people above 65 years is reduced especially for small particles. Furthermore, there appearedto be no significant difference between the haptic capacity of men and women or Furthermore,no difference between the haptic capacity of men and women was identified.Results (cont’d)Table 1: Results of the anthropometric measurements. 1The Physical Activity Level is ameasurement unit to express the amount of energy a person consumes by activity. 2The body massindex is the ratio of weight to body height squared (kg/m2). It is used to determine a person’s idealweight range and is a guideline for assessing overweight and obesity (<18.5…underweight, 18.5-25…normal weight, 25-30 over weight, >30 obese). 3Circumference waist/circumference hip. AWHR >0.85 for women and >1 for men is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases(WHO).2012 N= 56 2013 N=60female male female malePAL1 1,81 ± 0,09 1,76 ± 0,10 1,82 ± 0,12 1,73 ± 0,12PAL Sport 0,16 ± 0,09 0,16 ± 0,10 0,13 ± 0,09 0,14 ± 0,09BMI2 23,4 ± 3,93 26,2 ± 2,49 24,4 ± 4,26 27,0 ± 4,63WHR3 0,81 ± 0,05 0,95 ± 0,05 0,84 ± 0,06 0,95 ± 0,81

“SENPAN” - Swiss panel of elderly people : insights into nutritional and sensory changes in elderly people

ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften

https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/bitstream/11475/4247/1/2014_Rudorf_SENPAN_Swiss_Panel_of_Elderly_People.pdf

“SENPAN” - Swiss panel of elderly people : insights into nutritional and sensory changes in elderly people

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