Transboundary water conflict and intrastate violence - example of Asia

Abstract

Na prostoru Starog Istoka u 4. tisućljeću prije Krista pojavile su se prve civilizacije. Njihova je naseljenost bila koncentrirana uz doline velikih rijeka kao što su Nil, Eufrat, Tigris, Ind, Ganges, Hoang-ho i Yangtze. Zbog mnogo padalina i topljenja snijega rijeke su u svojim gornjim tokovima poplavljivale ravnice. Shvativši da bi mogli ukrotiti rijeke ljudi su krenuli graditi brane i kanale i počeli koristiti njihovu vodu kao jedan od najvažnijih poznatih resursa tog vremena. Kako je društvo napredovalo na području znanosti i tehnologije te pod utjecajem toga i demografska ekspanzija zahtijeva svu veću potrebu za vodom. Većina tih rijeka se nalazi u Aziji i kao najmnogoljudniji kontinent po pitanju vodoopskrbe je ranjiv i sklon prekograničnim sukobima za vodu. Indeks ovisnosti o vanjskim vodnim resursima nam pokazuje koji riječni bazeni su skloniji riziku od sukoba, a što je intenzitet nasilja uzrokovan sukobima za vodu veći veća je vjerojatnost da ti sukobi potaknu i unutardržavno nasilje i utječu na političko – geografske promjene u tim područjima.In the area of the Old East in the 4th millennium BC, the first civilizations appeared. Their populations were concentrated along the valleys of large rivers such as Nile, Euphrates, Tigris, Ind, Ganges, Hoang-ho and Yangtze. Due to the high rainfall and snow melting, the rivers flooded the plains in their upper streams. Realizing that they could tame the rivers, people started building dams and canals and began using their water as one of the most important resources of that time. As society has progressed in the field of science and technology and under the influence of population expansion demand for water will be higher. Most of these rivers are located in Asia and as the most fertile continent in terms of water supply is vulnerable and prone to transboundary water conflicts. The dependency ratio on external water resources shows us which river basins are more likely to be at risk of conflict, and the intensity of violence caused by water conflict is more likely to cause conflicts and intrastate violence and affect political and geographical changes in these areas