Hou, Xiaolin

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Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Apr 10, 2018Sixty Years of Environmental Radioactivity Research at Risø, Denmark and FutureGuidelinesHou, XiaolinPublication date:2017Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Hou, X. (2017). Sixty Years of Environmental Radioactivity Research at Risø, Denmark and Future Guidelines.Abstract from 2017 International Conference on Engineering Geophysics, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.Sixty Years of Environmental Radioactivity Research at Risø, Denmark and Future Guidelines  Xiaolin Hou * Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Risø Campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark E-mail: xiho@dtu.dk  Abstract  Environmental radioactivity research was initiated in 1956 at Risø, a nuclear research center, located at Roskilde, Denmark, and continues until now. Risø was merged with Technical University of Denmark in 2007, and the research on the environmental radioactivity is now carried out in the Center for Nuclear Technologies. Besides the continuous monitoring the radioactivity level of various anthropogenic and natural occurred radionuclides in various environmental samples, such as aerosol, precipitation, grass, milk, river water and seawater. Fig.1 illustrates the long-term continuous monitoring of anthropogenic radionuclides (137Cs and 90Sr) and natural occurring radionuclides (7Be, 210Pb) in aerosol samples collected at Risø, Denmark.   In the past years, numbers of advanced radioanalytical method for hard-to-measure radionuclides and their speciation have been developed, such as isotopes of actinides (238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 236U, 234U, 237Np, 241Am, 243Cm, 244Cm), 99Tc, 129I, 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, 210Po, 3H, 14C, etc. in various environmental samples for the researches of environmental radioactivity. In addition, automated analytical system using sequential injection approach was developed for rapid separation of various hard-to-measure radionuclides in order to fast measurement of these radionuclides in the environment.  Meanwhile, the environmental and biological behaviors and radioecology of various radionuclides has been investigated, such as the distribution of hot particles in the nature environment of an accident site, bioavailability of actinides in hot particles, exposure and transfer pathway of radioactive particles. Environmental trace studies of radionuclides in marine and terrestrial system have being another hot topic in the past year.  By determination of the long-lived anthropogenic radionuclides such as 129I, 236U, 99Tc, 137Cs, 90Sr in seawater, the interaction of mater mass in the marine system has been studied. Fig. 2 shows the temporal variation of  average concentration of 137Cs in surface and bottom seawater in Danish strait (between Atlantic and Baltic Sea), demonstrating the water exchange between the Atlantic and the Baltic Sea.  Long-lived anthropogenic 129I has been used for investigation of atmospheric dispersion of volatile pollutions in the atmosphere.  A brief review on radioanalytical methods developed in the paste 10 years, and the research work on the environmental radioactivity, radioecology and environmental trace studies in the past 60 years at Risø, is presented, especially the relevant researches related to the sources of man-made radionuclides that have been considered include global fallout from nuclear weapons testing during the 1960’s, local radioactive pollution from an accident in Greenland at Thule in 1968, and fallout from the accident in Chernobyl in 1986 and in Fukushima in 2011 will be discussed. Meanwhile some future guidelines in the research of environmental radioactivity are highlighted.     Fig. 1 Long-term monitoring of anthropogenic and natural occurred radionuclides in aerosol at Risø, Denmark   Fig. 1 Temporal variation of 137Cs in Danish seawater   Double click here to type your header     References Hou X.L., Dahlgaard H., Nielsen S.P., 2001, Chemical speciation analysis of 129I in seawater and a prliminary investigation to use it as a tracer for geochemical cycle study of stable iodine,  Marine Chemistry, 74:145-155. Hou X.L., Fogh C.L., Kucera J., Andersson K.G., Dahlgaard H.,, Nielsen S.P., 2003, Iodine-129 and Cesium-137 in Chernobyl Contaminated Soil and Their Chemical Fractionation, Sci. Total Environment, 308(1-3):97-109. Hou X.L., Povinec P.P., Zhang L.Y., Shi K.L., Biddulph D., Chang C.C., Fan Y.K., Golser R., Hou Y.K., Jeskovsky M., Jull A.J.T., Liu Q., Luo M.Y., Steier P., Zhou W.J., 2013, Iodine-129 in Seawater Offshore Fukushima: Distribution, Inorganic Speciation, Sources, and Budget, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47(7):3091-3098.   Hou, X.L., Aldahan, A., Nielsen, S.P., Possnert, G., Niels, H., Speciation of 129I and 127I in seawater and implications for sources and transport pathways in the North Sea, Environ. Sci. Tech., 2007, 41, 4993-5999. Nielsen S.P., Roos P., Thule 2007 – Investigation of radioactive pollution on land, Risø-R-1781(EN) Qiao J.X., Hou X.L., Steier P., Golser R., 2013, Sequential Injection Method for Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of 236U, 237Np, and Pu Isotopes in Seawater, Anal. Chem., 85(22), 11026-11033. Qiao J.X., Shi K.L., Hou X.L., Nielsen S.P., Roos P., 2014, Rapid multi-sample analysis for simultaneous determination of anthropogenic radionuclides in marine environment, Environment. Sci. Technol., 48:3935-3942. Qiao J.X:, Hou X.L., Steier P., Nielsen S., Golser R., 2015, Method for 236U determination in seawater using flow injection extraction chromatography and accelerator mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01608 Shi K.L., Hou X.L., Qiao J.X., Sun X.J., Roos, P., Wu W.S., 2016, Analysis of Technetium Species and Fractions in Natural Seaweed Using Biochemical Separation and ICP-MS Measurement, Anal. Chem., 88(23), 11931-11937. Shi K.L., Hou X.L., Roos P., Nielsen S.P., 2013, Seasonal variation of technetium-99 in Fucus vesiculosus and its application as an oceanographic tracer, Estuarine Coastal and shelf Science, 127:24-28. Zhang L.Y., Hou X.L., Xu S., 2015, Speciation analysis of 129I and 127I in aerosol using sequential extraction and mass spectrometry detection, Anal. Chem., DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01555. Zhang, L.Y., Hou, X.L., Xu, S., 2016, Speciation of 127I and 129I in atmospheric aerosols at Risø, Denmark: Insight into sources of iodine isotopes and their species transformations. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2016, 16:1971–1985.    

Sixty Years of Environmental Radioactivity Research at Risø, Denmark and Future Guidelines

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Sixty Years of Environmental Radioactivity Research at Risø, Denmark and Future Guidelines

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