Borel, C. Marcela

Krock, Bernd

Lovrich, G. A.

Tillmann, Urban

Trefault, Nicole

English

Electronic Publication Information Center

                              The Occurrence of Phycotoxins in Coastal Areas of South America Bernd Krock1, Urban Tillmann1, Nicole Trefault2, Gustavo A. Lovrich3, C. Marcela Borel4   1 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research,     Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.     E-Mail: bernd.krock@awi.de  2 Universidad Mayor, Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología,     Camino a la Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago de Chile  3 Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET),     Houssay 200, Ushuaia - Tierra del Fuego, Argentina  4 Instituto Geológico del Sur (CONICET-UNS),    San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, Argentina                               1. Study areas March 2009 Hespérides Nov/Dec 2010 Abate Molina March/April 2012 Puerto Deseado                               0102030405012345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940DTX-1 (pg/l)02468101212345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940DA (ng/l)00,511,5212345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940GYM (pg/l)00,20,40,60,812345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940AZA-1 (pg/l)AZA-1 GYM DA DTX-1 n.d. Water pumping, 25 – 100 µm size fraction, only lipophilic toxins and domoic acid Trefault N., Krock B., Delherbe N., Cembella A.D., Vásquez M., 2011. Toxicon  58, 389-397. 2. The Hespérides Expedition Mar 2009                               00,20,40,60,812345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940AZA-1 (pg/l)AZA-1 GYM DA DTX-1 n.d. Álvarez G., Uribe E., Ávalos P., Mariño C., Blanco J., 2010. First identification of azaspiracid and spirolides in Mesodesma donacium and Mulinia edulis from Northern Chile. Toxicon  55, 638-641. López-Rivera A., O'Callaghan K., Moriarty M., O'Driscoll D., Hamilton B., Lehane M., James K.J., Furey A., 2010. First evidence of azaspiracids (AZAs): A family of lipophilic polyether marine toxins in scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) and mussels (Mytilus chilensis) collected in two regions of Chile. Toxicon  55, 692-701. 2. The Hespérides Expedition Mar 2009                               02040608012345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940PTX-11 (pg/l)030609012015012345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940PTX-2sa (pg/l)0200400600800100012345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940PTX-2 (pg/l)n.d. PTX Water pumping, 25 – 100 µm size fraction, only lipophilic toxins and domoic acid Trefault N., Krock B., Delherbe N., Cembella A.D., Vásquez M., 2011. Toxicon  58, 389-397. 2. The Hespérides Expedition Mar 2009                               n.d. PTX 2. The Hespérides Expedition Mar 2009 Trefault N., Krock B., Delherbe N., Cembella A.D., Vásquez M., 2011. Toxicon  58, 389-397. 02040608012345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940PTX-11 (pg/l)0200400600800100012345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940PTX-2 (pg/l)0102030405012345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940DTX-1 (pg/l)Different Dinophysis species in Chilean coastal waters                               3. The Abate Molina Expedition Nov/Dec 2010                               3. The Abate Molina Expedition 2010 020040060080010001200140016001 3 4 6 7 13 52 21 27 59 42 49 36 43 25 55 51DADTX-2PTX-2PTX-11SPX-1Station number Toxin amount [ng/NT] Station number Toxin amount [ng/NT] 1101001000DTX-1 found in Nov/Dec 2009                               4. The Puerto Deseado Expedition Mar/Apr 2012 San Jorge Gulf Toxin amount [ng/NT] Station number                               4. The Puerto Deseado Expedition Mar/Apr 2012 The overlay of nutrient-rich, cold Beagle-Magellan water with warm, nutrient-depleted shelf water results in a high primary production                                Enormous dinoflagellate bloom dominated by non-toxic Ceratium spp. 010002000300040005000C39B S40 C43 C44 C45 C43N P45B I46 I47DAPTXYTXPSPToxin amount [ng/NT] Station number 4. The Puerto Deseado Expedition Mar/Apr 2012                               4. The Puerto Deseado Expedition Mar/Apr 2012                               01000200030004000500060002 510 11 13 14 16 17C35C36C37C39BC43C43NC44C45 I1 I2 I3 I4 I9I13I15I22I46I47P45BS38S40STXNEOGTX2/3GTX 1/4B1C1/C24. The Puerto Deseado Expedition Mar/Apr 2012 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%H5 H7STXNEOGTX2/3GTX1/4B1C1/C2PSP toxin profiles of two Alexandrium tamarense isolates from Station C43                               4. The Puerto Deseado Expedition Mar/Apr 2012 H NNNHHNN H 2HO HO HOH 2 NHO S O 3HNSOOOOH NNNHHNN H 2HO HO HOH 2 NHO S O 3H 2 N OHH2OGTX3 C2 NNNHHNNH2HOHOHOH2NHOHOH2N OSOO OGTX4                               AZAs are present in Chilean coastal waters, but have not been detected in Argentinean Shelf waters  PTXs occur throughout South American waters with a relatively regular distribution; PTX-11 could only be detected in Pacific but not in Atlantic waters  In the Chilean southern Patagonian Fjords DTX-1 and DTX-2 were detetced, but no OA; in the years 2009/2010 DTX-1 and -2 were separated geographically and temporally The San Jorge Gulf is characterized by cold, nutrient rich Beagle-Magellan water overlayed by warmer nutrient depleted shelf water; this situation causes high density dinoflagellate blooms including toxic species. C1/C2 and GTX1/4 are converted to GTX2/3 abiotically within 3 months under elevated ambient temperatures  5. Conclusions                               Nicole Trefault Gustavo Lovrich Urban Tillmann Marcela Borel                               Funding: 2010: Proyecto CONA C16F 10-13 (Chile)  2009: Fondef MR07I-1005, Fondecyt 1080075 and LinkGlobal (PUC-CSIC) (Chile) This work was partly financed by the HGF Programme in Earth and Environment under the research initiative PACES of the Alfred-Wegener Institute (Germany) 2012: MINCyT-BMBF (AL/11/03-ARG 11/021)           (Argentina & Germany)                               Thank you for your attention 

The Occurrence of Phycotoxins in Coastal Areas of South America

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Electronic Publication Information Center