This paper presents the wireless power transmission system is separated into three main components, the transceiver, the inductive coils and the RF/DC converter. Simple examines were done to check the model and simulations were done to display the benefit of wireless power transmission which also avoids accidents related to large wires and no adequate grounding. To increase the quality of diagnosis, some main specifications such as image resolution, frame rate and working time need to be developed. Moreover, future multi-functioning robotic capsule endoscopy units may consume advanced features such as energetic system control over capsule motion, drug delivery systems, semi-surgical tools and biopsy. However, the addition of the above innovative features demands extrapower that makes conventional power source methods are difficult. In this regards, wireless power transmission system has received attention among researchers to overcome this problem. This paper defines the reviews on techniques of using wireless power transmission for bio-medical applications

N, Balakumar

S, Dr. Sophia

S.R., Boselin Prabhu

International Journal of Research and Engineering

51 
 
 
 
IJRE | Vol. 03 No. 07 | July 2016 
ISSN 2348-7852 (Print) | ISSN 2348-7860 (Online) ijre.org 
Bio-Medical Application of Wireless Power Transmission System 
Boselin Prabhu S R
1
, Balakumar N
2
, Dr. Sophia S
3 
1 
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, SVS College of Engineering, Coimbatore 
Email: eben4uever@gmail.com 
2
Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore 
3
Professor, Department of ECE, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore
Abstract—This paper presents the wireless power transmission 
system is separated into three main components, the transceiver, 
the inductive coils and the RF/DC converter. Simple examines 
were done to check the model and simulations were done to 
display the benefit of wireless power transmission which also 
avoids accidents related to large wires and no adequate 
grounding. To increase the quality of diagnosis, some main 
specifications such as image resolution, frame rate and working 
time need to be developed. Moreover, future multi-functioning 
robotic capsule endoscopy units may consume advanced 
features such as energetic system control over capsule motion, 
drug delivery systems, semi-surgical tools and biopsy. However, 
the addition of the above innovative features demands 
extrapower that makes conventional power source methods are 
difficult. In this regards, wireless power transmission system has 
received attention among researchers to overcome this problem. 
This paper defines the reviews on techniques of using wireless 
power transmission for bio-medical applications. 
 
Keywords—Wireless power transfer, bio-medical application, 
transformer inductive coupling, wireless electricity, energy 
transfer, radiation. 
 
1. INTRODUCTION 
The main idea of transmitting power through the air has been 
about for over a century, with Nikola Tesla‟s pioneering 
ideas and examine perhaps being the most well-known early 
attempts to do so [1]. He had a vision of wireless distributing 
power over bulky distances using the earth‟s ionosphere.  
Most schemes are established to  wireless  power  transfer  
use of   an  electromagnetic  field  of  some  frequency  as  
the  means  by  which  the  energy  is  sent.  At the high 
frequency end of the spectrum are optical systems that use 
lasers to send power via a collimated beam of light to a 
remote  
 
detector where the received photons are transformed to 
electrical energy.  Efficient transmission over bulky distances 
is possible with this approach, however, difficult pointing and   
tracking   mechanisms   are   required   to   maintain   proper   
alignment   between   moving transmitters or receivers.  In 
accumulation, substances that get between the transmitter and 
receiver can block the beam, disturbing the power 
transmission and depends on the power level, probably 
affecting harm.  At  microwave  frequencies,  a  similar  
method  can  be  used  to  efficiently  transmit  power  over  
bulky  distances  using  the  radiated  electromagnetic field  
from  appropriate  antennas  [2, 3].  However,  related  
caveats  about  safety  and  system  difficulty  apply  for  
these  radiative approaches. Initially cordless phones were 
introduced, then wireless internet. The next phase to making 
our lives actually mobile is getting rid of the tangles of power 
cables lurking in all our homes. Unless you are mainly 
organized and good with draw wrap, you possibly have a 
little dusty power cord tangles around your home. You may 
have even had to follow one particular cord through the 
seemingly difficult snarl to the outlet, hoping that the plug 
you pull will be the exact one. This is one of the falls of 
electricity.  
While it can make people's lives easier, it can mix a 
lot of disorder in the process. Moreover a great concern has 
been voiced in recent years over the wide use of energy, the 
restricted supply of resources and the pollution of the 
environment from the use of present energy conversion 
methodologies. Much of this power is lost during 
transmission from power plant creators to the user. The 
resistance of the cable used in the electrical network 
distribution system causes a loss of 26-30% of the energy 
generated. This loss indicates that our present system of 
electrical distribution is only 70-74% efficient. A system of 
power distribution with tiny or no loss would conserve 
energy. It would decrease pollution and expenses resulting 
from the required to generate power to overcome and 
recompense for losses in the present grid system. 
 
 
Figure 1: A wireless power transfer system 
 
For these reasons, scientists have tried to improve 
methods of wireless power transmission that could cut the 
clutter or lead to clean sources of electricity. We can term it 
as Witricity. The guarantee of wireless electricity has been 
around for over 100 years. Nikola Tesla consumed much of 
his productive life testing with wireless power. The familiar 
tesla coils are actually a resonant wireless power transmitter 
[2]. Figure 1 shows the basic articulation of wireless power 
transfer mechanism, by which the uses of wires are avoided. 
The design challenge of battery fewer implantable devices is 
the few available power, which loads the use of low power 
on-chip circuitry, including the data transceiver, regulator, 
and secondary circuitry. 
 
II.CONCEPT OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER 
The main attention  in  extremely  resonant  wireless  power  
transfer  comes  from  many  marketplaces  and  application  
sectors.    There  are  several  inspirations  for  using  such  
technology,  and  these  often drop into one or more of the 
following categories: 1) Make  devices  more  suitable  and  
thus  more  desirable  to  purchasers,  by  removing  the need 
for a power cord or battery spare. 2) Make  devices  more  
consistent  by  removing  the  most  failure  prone  
component  in  most electronic systems—the cords and 
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IJRE | Vol. 03 No. 07 | July 2016 
ISSN 2348-7852 (Print) | ISSN 2348-7860 (Online) ijre.org 
connectors. 3) Create  devices  more  globally  sound  by  
eliminating  the  required  for  throwaway  batteries.    Using 
grid power is much fewer expensive and more globally sound  
than  manufacturing,  transporting,  and  using  batteries  
based  on  conventional  electro-chemistry. 4) Create  devices  
safer  by  removing  the  sparking  hazard  associated  with  
conductive  interconnections,  and  by  making  them  water-
tight  and  explosion  proof  by  removing  connector  headers  
and  wires  that  run  through  roofs,  walls  or  other  
barriers.5) Decrease the system  cost  by  leveraging  the  
capability to  power  several  devices  from  a  single source 
resonator. The  high  grade  of  scalability  of  power  stages  
and  distance  range  in  solutions depends  on  highly 
resonant  wireless  power  transference  enables  a  very  
different collection  of  arrangements. Applications range 
from very few power levels for wireless sensor and electronic 
devices needed less than 1 watt, to very high power stages for 
industrialized systems and electrical vehicles requiring in 
excess of 3 kilowatts. WiTricity is one of the wireless 
electricity. Communication of electrical energy from one 
object to other without the use of cables is called as 
WiTricity. WiTricity will confirm that the cellphones, laptop, 
iPod  and other power hungry devices get charged on their 
own, removing the need of plugging them in (Figure 2 and 
Figure 3). Even better, because of WiTricity some of the 
devices need not require batteries to operate. Wireless 
electricity is the process that takes place in any system where 
electrical energy is transferred from a power source to an 
electrical load without interconnecting cables.We can also 
call it as wireless energy transfer or wireless power 
communication. This technology eliminates the use 40 billion 
disposable batteries built every year for power that is used 
within a few inches or feet of where there is very low-cost 
power. 
 
 
Figure 2: Basic phenomenon of witricity 
 
 
Figure 3: Wireless charging of devices  
III. THE CONCEPT BEHIND WIRELESS ELECTRICITY 
Wireless transmission is ideal in cases where sudden or 
continuous energy transfer is required. The possible 
applications of wireless power transfer comprise charging of 
mobile phones and laptops, radio-frequency identification 
(RFID), electrically charge vehicles, biomedical sensors, 
space solar power satellite (SPS), solar energy to earth, and in 
spying circuits devices which if cover a power source can 
have greater probability of detection etc. The principle behind 
wireless electricity is “Coupled Resonance”. Magnetic 
coupling arises when two objects interchange energy through 
their changing or fluctuating magnetic fields. Resonant 
coupling arises when the natural frequencies of the two 
objects are nearly the same. WiTricity power sources and 
capture devices are specifically designed magnetic resonators 
that competently transfer power over bulky distances via the 
magnetic near-field.  
These proprietary source and device strategies and 
the electronic systems that regulate them support efficient 
energy transfer over distances that are several times the size 
of the sources and devices themselves. Consider the two self-
resonating copper coils of same resonating frequency with a 
diameter 20 inches each. One copper coil is connected to the 
power source (WiTricity transmitter), while the other copper 
coil is connected to the device (WiTricity Receiver) (Figure 
4).Furthermore a capacitance plate which holds charges is 
attached to each end of the coil to improve the range of 
transmission.  The resonant frequency is a product of the 
inductance coil and the capacitanceplates, therefore the range 
of transmission is increased [3]. 
 
 
Figure 4: Resonant magnetic coils 
 
The  electric  power  from  the  power  source  
causes  the  copper  coil connected  to  it  to  start  fluctuating  
at  a  particular  (MHz)  frequency. Consequently, the space 
around the copper coil gets filled with non-magnetic 
radiations.  This  created magnetic  field  further  transfers the 
power  to  the other copper  coil  linked  to  the  receiver. 
Since this coil is also the same frequency, it starts fluctuating 
at the same frequency as the first coil.  
This is called as'coupled resonance' and is the 
principle behind schedule the WiTricity. There are variety of 
systems to transmit power without wires. Omni-directional 
radiative antennas are one of the greatest extensively used 
technologies, since they can function in all orders and do not 
need a line of sight to the receiver, they are highly inefficient. 
Only a little portion of the emitted power in the direction of 
the receiver is essentially picked up, since the huge majority 
of the energy is lost in all the other directions.  The use of a 
greatly directional antenna, such as a microwave-beam 
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IJRE | Vol. 03 No. 07 | July 2016 
ISSN 2348-7852 (Print) | ISSN 2348-7860 (Online) ijre.org 
antenna, in principle solves this problem and attains a high 
efficiency in power transmission even over lengthy distance 
(kilometres). On the additional hand, this type of antenna 
does need an uninterrupted line of sight, which in itself 
requires a complicated device-tracking and beam-steering 
mechanism [4-7]. Also, high-power focused beams may 
establish a safety hazard. An approach to antennas is the use 
of an inductive transformer, a device usually used in power 
circuits and electromechanical. The transformer coupling 
structure is shown in figure 5. 
 
 
Figure 5: Inductive coupling 
 
A transformer normally operates up to mid-kHz 
frequencies [8-10]. It fundamentally transfers electrical 
energy from one circuit to another through induction. The 
time-varying magnetic flux created by a primary coil crosses 
a secondary coil and induces a voltage in its secondary side. 
The primary and the secondary coils are not actually 
connected, hence the method is wireless. Transformers can be 
very capablebut the distance between the coils must be very 
lesser. For distances a little times the size of the coils, the 
effectiveness drops significantly [11-14].  
Part of the underlying physics for most of the 
existing approaches for the wireless transfer of electricity is 
the basic principle of resonance. The property of certain 
physical systems to fluctuate with maximum amplitudes at 
certain frequencies. Based on scientist Nicola Tesla planned 
theories of wireless power transmission, researchers have 
established several techniques for moving electricity over 
long distances without wires. This technique of transferring 
electric power is based on the principle of Inductive coupling. 
An example for current day WiTricity, a toothbrush's daily 
exposure to water makes a traditional plug-in charger 
potentially dangerous.  
Ordinary electrical connections could also permit 
water to seep into the toothbrush, damaging its components. 
Another example for current day WiTricity is the Splash 
power recharging mat and Edison Electric's Power desk both 
use coils to generate a magnetic field. Electronic devices use 
corresponding built-in or plug-in receivers to recharge while 
resting on the mat. These receivers comprise compatible coils 
and the circuitry needed to deliver electricity to devices 
batteries [8-10]. 
 
IV. MEDICAL APPLICATIONS  
Millions of people around the world advantage from having 
artificial pacemakers implanted into their chests, to help 
restore a normal heartbeat is shown in figure 6.Yet 
pacemakers are not without problems. The bulk of the 
device-which comprises its battery and electronic control 
systems-usually,sits just under the wearer‟s skin. From this 
box thin, flexible leads are threaded through a vein and into 
the appropriate part of the heart. These leads detect the 
heart‟s electrical activity [14].Fitting the body of an artificial 
pacemaker is fairly easy.  
 
Figure 6: Medical applications 
 
As a solution to that, Medtronic is using 
microelectronics to create a pacemaker so small it can be 
inserted. It is said to be the size of a tic-tac only. Medtronic is 
making the device safer as well as smaller. At just a fraction 
of the size of current devices, the new pacemaker could be 
injected using a catheter and a small incision. No more need 
to slice open the upper chest and create a pocket to hold the 
pacemaker. No more need to run leads down veins into the 
heart. A single incision, a single implantation of a tiny 
device, and Medtronic‟s future patients would be done. 
 
V. Conclusion 
There are hundreds of thousands of people with pacemakers 
in the world, tens of thousands with brain implants, millions 
total who have corrective implants of some variety (for 
diabetes, deafness, etc.). Looking past this pacemaker, we 
believe that there are even lesser and more capable devices 
on our horizon.Millions of people around the world 
advantage from having artificial pacemakers implanted into 
their chests, to help restore a normal heartbeat. This paper 
describes the reviews on techniques of using wireless power 
transmission for bio-medical applications. 
 
 
References 
[1] Hiroshi Matsumoto, “Microwave Power Transmission 
from Space and Related Nonlinear Plasma Effects” Space 
and Radio Science Symposium: 75th Anniversary of URSI, 
26-27 April 1995. 
 
[2] W.C. Brown, “Experiments Involving a Microwave Beam 
to Power and Position a Helicopter”, IEEE Transactions on 
Aerospace Electronic Systems. Vol. AES-5, no. 5, pp 692-
702 
 
[3] W.C. Brown, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory 
and Techniques, vol. MTT-32, 1230 (1984). 
 
[4] Balakumar N, 2016, „A Novel Study of and Comparative 
Survey of Future Wireless Communication‟, International 
Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, 
Engineering and Technology, Volume 2, pp. 30-35. 
 


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