Hoffmann, E.

Kriews, Michael

Lüdke, C.

Skole, J.

English

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XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaTrace element analysis of size classified aerosol particlesC. Lüdke, E. Hoffmann, J. Skole, *M. KriewsInstitute for Spectrochemistry and Applied Spectroscopy*Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine ResearchIntroduction   Sampling with the cascade impactorMeasurements by SEM – EDXAMeasurements by ETV-ICP-MSCatalyst borne elements in Berlin airAir borne elements over the Atlantic OceanConclusionXXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaAtmospheric particlesNatural sources: volcanism mineral dust biomass burningsea sprayComposition: Na, Mg, K, Sr, Si, Al, Ca, Fe, Ti, S, Mn, Ba...Anthropogenic sources: power plantwaste incineration industrial processestransportationComposition: Be, Cd, Hg, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, As, Sn, V, Cr, Cu, C, Pb, Pt...XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaAtmospheric particlesThe composition of aerosol particles is determined by the course of chemical and physical reactions occurring in particle generation and transportation. Required monitoring: Relevant sources, Deposition,  Atmospheric monitorig Effect on man and environment, Measurable property: Chemical composition, Shape  Number of particles,  Size distribution XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaCascade Impactordæ : 16.5 µm .....0.35 µmaerodynamic diameterD : 2.7 mm ...... 0.35 mmdiameter of the orificeU : 48.0 cm/s ... 7057 cm/slineare gas velocity: gas viscositySt : Stokes numberC : Cunningham factor: particle densityG '86W&DH= ×9ηρAir into vacuum pump, controlled flow rate 2.2 m³/hStage 1Stage 2Stage NBack-up filterNozzles plateImpaction platetargetDUDDXXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaSEM picture of a graphite target with impacted particulatesXXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaExperimental set-up for ETV-ICP-MS Impaction area Graphite tube containerGraphite targetFixing slitsParticulatesInjection holePlasmagasICP  torch  supplySystem computerPump Pump Turbo pumpQuadrupoleElan 5000 Turbo pumpIon lensesRFStabilizationgasTargetAuxiliarygasPivotElectrothermal vaporizer LidXXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaLimits of detection,based on the 3 criteria10514055121LOD pg/m³MeasuredisotopeLOD pg/m³Measuredisotope1 0.11301SbMn0.8RhCo590.21112050.053 0.60.031071950.2CePdPtAg0.20.5208118TlCdPbSnXXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaSampling conditions:Location:40 km north-west of town centre,4 m above ground; Time: 76 h;Volume: 0.93 m³ per target XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaPlatinum group elements in Berlin air correlated to Ce0.010.11101000.1 1 10 100Aerodyn. diameter / µmpg/m3&H3W5K3GXXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaMean concentration of platin group elements in Berlin air35 + 67 + 11401140 + 100250 + 25Motorway tunnelPlume of BerlinIsotope28 + 54 + 116 + 28 + 1(sum over all diameters)                pg/m³       Element contentRhCe 103 Pt105 195Pd0.9030.899 7 µm3 - 5µmPtcoefficient140 Ce 195:Correlationin particledistributionallMaximumXXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaSatellite picture of Sahara dustRef.:Der SpiegelNr. 50 Dec. 11, 2000XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaResearch vessel „Polarstern“XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaOn board sampling stationSampling conditions:Daily aerosol sampling,22 m above sea levelTime: 23 hAir volume: 0.3 m³ per targetXXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaPolarstern Cruise ANT XVII/1(Bremerhaven-Las Palmas-Cape Town, Dec. 14, 1999 till Jan. 06, 2000 XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaParticles of the 1.1 µm stage(site of sampling: the British Channel)Philips XL 30 ESEM XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaSEM-EDX  analysisXXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaParticles of the 3.5 µm stagesite of sampling 14°N (Sahara dust)XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaSEM-EDX  analysisXXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaMnManganese0 5 10 15 20$HURG\QDPLFGLDPHWHU>P@010002000300040005000>SJPñ@/DWLWXGH1RUWK     XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaPbLead0 5 10 15 20$HURG\QDPLFGLDPHWHU>P@0100020003000400050006000>SJPñ@/DWLWXGH1RUWK      XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaSbAntimony0 5 10 15 20$HURG\QDPLFGLDPHWHU>P@050100150200250>SJPñ@/DWLWXGH1RUWK      XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaSpatial distribution of element concentrations in aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean-40-200204060AgIn&RQWHQWSJP Ag/DWLWXGH1RUWK10100010000100100010000 In-40-200204060110100100010000100000SnCs&RQWHQWSJP/DWLWXGH1RUWKXXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaMean element concentration in aerosol(pg / m³)270 ±     50260 ±     6016 ±       31970 ±   4702480 ±   55013600 ± 260021 ±       7940 ±   300200 ±     30220 ±     50300 ±     2578 ±     2020800 ± 510015000 ± 200018900 ± 1800215 ±     65520 ±   150450 ±     50580 ±   1301100 ±   29028 ±       43950 ±   8603600 ±   87018200 ± 280021 ±       9920 ±   300250 ±     40AgSbTlSnMnPbCsInBiSouth Atlantic6°N – 31°SRegion of Sahara dust22°N – 6°NNorth Atlantic52°N - 22°NElementXXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaConclusion• Size classified sampling of aerosol particles on separate graphite targets and subsequent multielement analysis is a useful tool for the characterization of aerosol particles.• The high efficiency of the sampling system combined with thepowerful analytical technique permits the study of isotope correlations allowing the identification of particle sources as well as transport and deposition processes.XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South AfricaAcknowledgement• Kerstin Taubner (ISAS) for sample preparation and measurements.• Thomas Adam and Ute Bock (AWI) for assistance in SEM operation and EDX analysis • the crew of R. V. Polarstern for their help in setting up our instruments and providing logistical support.• the DFG for the financial support.XXXII CSI, Pretoria, South Africa

Trace element analysis of size classified aerosol particles.

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