Abdullah, Norhani

Ho, Yin Wan

Idrus, Zulkifli

Lee, H. C.

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

Agricultural SCiencesEffects of feeding microbial phytase and Lactobacillusspp. on growth performanceand mineral utilization of broiler chickensAbdullah. N. Lee. He. Zulkifli. I. and Ho '(WInstitute of BioscienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysiaTelephone Number of Corresponding Author: 03-89466710E-mail ofCorrespondingAuthor:norhani@f~as.upm.edu.myKey words: MiliUokellajalaludinii, phytase, broilers, mineral utilization, growth perfonnanceIntroductionPhytase enzyme and probiotics are often used as feed supplements in poultry production. The enzyme phytase enhancesphytate phosphorous (P) availability. Phosphorous is an essential mineral required in poultry diets for normal growth anddevelopment. To meet metabolic demands, broiler chickens require 0.45 - 0.50 g of P per 100 g diet, while laying hensrequire 0.2 I - 0.35 g P per 100 g feed. Poultry feeds contain ingredients primarily of plant origin, and about two thirds of Pare present in the form ofphytic acids complex. However, due to lack of phytase enzyme, phytate P is essentially unavailableto the birds. Hence inorganic P is usually added to the diet and as a consequence of the inability of bids to utilize phytate-P,considerable amount of organic P is excreted and may create a significant pollution problem when the manure is applied toland. In previous studies, a new bacterial species, Mitsuokella jalaludinii, from the rumen of cattle has been shown to beeffective as a phytase supplement in broiler chickens (Lan et al., 2002a,b). While a probiotic is a live microbial feedsupplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Probiotics for farmanimals have been shown to have beneficial properties by influencing the indigenous microflora resulting in improve growthperformance, better health control and enhancement in feed digestion. Various strains of Lactobacillus isolated from the gut ofchicken have been successfully used as a probiotic (Jin et al., 1998). Separate studies on the effects of phytase enzyme fromM. jalaludinii or of Lactobacillus spp. as a probiotic on performances and nutritive value of feed in broilers and layers havebeen conducted. However the effects of using both feed supplements have not been studied. In the present study, the effectsof feeding both phytase enzyme and Lactobacillus spp. on the performance, mineral utilization and nitrogen retention ofbroilers were investigated.Materials and MethodsMitsuokella jalaludinii as a phytase source and Lactobacillus spp. as a probiotic supplement were prepared according to theprocedures described by Lan et a!. (2002b) and Jin et al. (1998), respectively. Four hundred and forty eight one-day old malebroiler chicks (Avian-43) and eight diets were used. The diets were designed to determine the effects of M jalaludinii andLactobacillus spp. on mineral utilization and growth performance of broilers fed either a normal basal diet containing 0.49 %(starter diet) or 0.45% (grower diet) available-P (aP) or 10w-aP diet containing 0.25 % (starter diet) or 0.23 % (growerdiet) aP. The diets were: basal diet + heat treated M. jalaludinii (B), basal diet + M jalaludinii (BM), basal diet +Lactobacillus cultures + heat treated Mjalaludinii (BL), basal diet + Lactobacillus cultures + Mi jalaludinii (BLM), 10w-aPdiet + heat treated M. jalaludinii (T), 10w-aP diet + M. jalaludinii (TM), 10w-aP diet +Lactobacillus cultures + heat treated Mjalaludinii (TL) and 10w-aP diet + Lactobacillus cultures + M jalaludinii (TLM). The concentration of freeze-driedLactobacillus cultures was I x 109 cells/g and they were supplemented at Igfkg feed. The phytase used was equivalent to 500U/kg feed for starters and 300 U/kg feed for growers. All diets were formulated to contain similar levels of crude protein,metabolizable energy, lysine and methionine. The experimental period was 6 weeks. Feed consumption was recorded on percage basis daily. Total faecal collection was conducted on days 18 to 20 from each cage. At the same time 100 g of feedsamples were sampled and stored at -20°C. Feed and faecal samples were later used for proximate analyses and minerals (N,Ca, P, Zn, Cu and Mn). Three birds from each cage were randomly selected and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected inheparinized tubes for plasma collection. Left tibia bone from each bird was collected and ashed for mineral analysis. Thevarious organs (crop, proventriculus. gizzard, bursa, ileum and liver) and abdominal fat were dissected and weighed.Results and DiscussionThe body weight (BW) gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers fed basal diet supplemented with Lactobacillus (BLand BLM) were significantly improved (P<0.05), but the feed intake was not affected. Supplementation of M. jalaludiniiculnzre to chickens fed basal diet (BM) did not enhance body weigh gain or FCR of the birds. Chickens fed 10w-aP dietsupplemented with M. jalaludinii with or without Lactobacillus cultures (TLM, TM) showed significantly higher BW gainand feed intake when compared to broilers fed 10w-aP diet (T). Chickens fed 10w-aP diet supplemented with Lactobacilluscultures (TL) showed lower SW gain and feed intake when compared to chickens fed 10w-aP diet supplemented with M.jalaludinii (TM). This indicates the ability of phytase produced by M. jalaludinii in improving the growth performance ofchickens fed 10w-aP diets. The SW gain and FCR of broilers fed 10w-aP diet supplemented with both M. jalaludinii andLactobacillus cultures (TLM) were significantly improved (P<0.05) when compared to broilers fed basal (B) or low- aP (T)197UPM Research Report 1997-2000. Valli. Section 2-Extended Abstractsdiets. The best FCR was observed in chickens fed low-aP diet supplemented with both M jalaludinii and Lactobacilluscultures. The improved FCR could be the result of a combination of effects like the enhancement in mineral utilization andincrease in energy and protein digestion. Supplementation of both M. jalaludinii and Lactobacillus cultures significantlyreduced (P<0.05) the abdominal fat deposition in broilers as compared to chickens fed basal diet. Broilers fed dietssupplemented with Lactobacillus cultures had lower (P<0.05) serum cholesterol level. Mitsuokella jalaludiniisupplementation to chickens fed law-aP diet (TM) significantly increased (P<0.05) the digestibility of dry matter (OM), P, Ca,Zn and N. Mitsuokella jalaludinii supplementation to chickens fed low-aP diets (TM, TLM) significantly improved (P<0.05)the P retention when compared to the other six dietary treatments. Phosphorous excretion of broilers fed 10w-aP diet wasmuch lower with M. jalaludinii supplementation (TM, TLM) as compared to broilers fed the basal diets. Phosphorousexcretion could be reduced by about 48% with M. jalaludinii supplementation. Broilers fed low-aP diets showed higher(P<0.05) N retention when supplemented with M. jalaludinii. This indicates the increase in the availability of N in the feed.It is known that phytic acid in the plant feeds can bind protein to form phytate-protein complex which is less soluble. Hence,thc increase in the digestibility of N indicates the ability of the enzyme phytase to hydrolyzse the phytate-protein complex.Mitsuokella jalaludinii supplementation also increased (P<0.05) Ca retention in chickens fed 10w-aP diets. The P content oftibia DM was significantly increased (P<0.05) in broilers fed TM or TLM diets. The tibia P of broilers fed these diets werecomparable to those fed basal diets. However, Ca content in tibia DM was significantly reduced (P<0.05). On the otherhand, Ahmad et al. (2000) reported a significant increase in Ca of tibia DM of broilers fed com-soybean diet supplementedwith microbial phytase. Lactobacillus cultures supplementation to broilers fed 10w-aP diet showed no improvement in P orCa content of tibia DM. Although, tibia Ca was significantly(P<0.05) reduced in broilers fed 10w-aP diet with M.jalaludiniisupplementation (TM and TLM), but the values were comparable to those fed basal diets. Dietary M. jalaludiniisupplementation did not influence the concentrations of Zn, Cu and Mn in tibia ash. Supplementation of M.jalaludinii cultureto chickens fed 10w-aP diet significantly increased (P<O.05) plasma P and Ca concentrations. No significant differences werefound in the weight (% body weight) of liver, spleen, bursa, gizzard, proventriculus and ileum of broilers given the differentdietary treatments. During the first three weeks, mortality was low and no death was observed in birds fed B, TM and TLdiets. However, during the last three weeks, mortality rate increased (2-10%) in all dietary treatments, except for birds fed BLdiet, where no death was recorded. The mortality of broilers fed diet T was significantly higher (13.3 %) than those fed BL orTML diets (3.3 %). This indicates the ability of Lactobacillus spp. in improving the health conditions of the broilers.ConclusionsThe results showed that the performance and nutrient utilization of broilers fed a com-soybean meal diet containing lowavailable P (aP) supplemented with a combination of freeze-dried active M. jalaludinii and Lactobacillus cultures weresignificantly improved (P<0.05). There were no significant effects on the weight of organs of broilers fed 10w-aP dietssupplemented with both bacterial cultures. The abdominal fat deposition and serum cholesterol level of broilers were alsosignificantly reduced (P<0.05) with the supplementation of Mjalaludinii and Lactobacillus cultures. The supplementation ofM. jalaludinii to chickens increased P and N retention, hence reducing the potential of P pollution caused by P excretion andincreasing the bioavailabiJity of protein, respectively. The use of Lactobacillus spp. as probiotics enhances growthperformance as well as reduces the mortality rate of the broilers.ReferencesJin, L.Z., Y. W. Ho, N. Abdullah and S. Jalaludin. 1998. Growth performance, intestinal microbial populations, and serumcholesterol of broilers fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures. Poultry. Sci. 77:1259-65.Lan, G.Q., Ho, Y.W., Abdullah, N. 2002a. Mitsuokellajalaludinii sp. nov., from the rumens of cattle in Malaysia. Int. J.Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52:713-718.Lan, G.Q., N. Abdullah, S. Jalaludin and Y. W. Ho. 2002b. Efficacy of supplementation of a phytase-producing bacterialculture on the performance and nutrient use of broiler chicken fed com-soybean meal diets. Poultry Sci. 81: 1522-1532.Ahmad, T., Rasool, S., Sarwar, M., Haq A.-ul and Hasan z.-uJ. 2000. Effects of microbial phytase produced from a fungusAspergillus niger on bioavailability of phosphorous and calcium in broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 83: 103-114.Benefits from the studyMore than 60% of phosphorous (P) in poultry diets are present as phytate P. Theoretically, the P contents of feeds should besufficient to meet the requirement of poultry. Unfortunately, phytatc P is poorly utilized by poultry because of the lack of thedigestive enzyme phytase. Mitsuokella jalaludinii, isolated from the rumen of a cattle, is used as a feed supplement toincrease the utilization of phytate compounds in chicken. The enzyme phytase dephosphorylates phytate compounds torelease the bound P, hence increasing the availability of P. This will reduce the requirement of inorganic P which is normallyadded to the diet and the amount of P entering the environment. The enzyme also improves Ca and N utilisation. TheLactobacillus spp. isolated from the chicken intestine have been successfully used as probiotics. The research findings showthe beneficial effects of using both M.jalaludinii and the Lactobacillus spp, in broilers fed 10w-aP diets. The M.jalaludiniiimproves mineral utilisation and digestibilities of feed and reduces P excretion in poultry waste, while the Lactobacillus spp.improve the growth performance and reduce the mortality rate.Project Publications in Conference Proceedings198Agricultural SciencesI. Lee HC, Abdullah N, Zulkifli I and Ho YW. 2000. Storage test on Lactobacillus cultures used as a feed supplement for poultry. In:Proceedings 23N Symposium Malaysian Society for Microbiology. p 216-218.2. Lee HC, Abdullah N, Zulkifli I and Ho YW. 2001. Effects of supplemental Mitsuokella sp. culture and Lactobacillus cultures on thebioavailability of phosphorous and calcium in broiler chickens. In: Proceedings 23N Malaysian Society Animal Production Conference.p 120-122.3. Lee HC, Abdullah N, Zulkifli I and Ho YW. 2003. Effects of Mitsuokella Jalaludinii and Lactobacillus spp. supplementation on thegrowth performance, tibia P and Ca of broiler chickens. In: Proceedings International Conference of Animal Nutrition, in CD (notpaginated).Graduate ResearchName of Graduate Research Topic Field of Expertise Degree Awarded Graduation YearLee Hooi Ching Effects of Animal Nutrition M.Sc 2002Mitsuokellajalaludinii andLactobacillusculturessupplementation onthe performance andnutrient utilizationof broiler chickensIRPA Project number: 01-02-04-0547UPM Research Cluster:AFFProject Leader:Norhani Abdullah199

Effects of feeding microbial phytase and Lactobacillus spp. on growth performance and mineral utilization of broiler chickens

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Effects of feeding microbial phytase and Lactobacillus spp. on growth performance and mineral utilization of broiler chickens

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