Ismail, Mohd Razi

Mahmood, Marziah

Shamsuddin, Zulkifli

Yusoff, Mohd Kamil

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

FOR Category' F10900: AgricuHural SciencesALLEVIATION OF SOIL MOISTURE STRESS INBANANA CULTIVATIONMohd: Kamil Yusoff", Mohd 'Razi Ismail'',Marziah Mahmood' and Zulkifli Hj. Shamsuddin"Departments of JEnvironmental Sciences,2 Agronomy and Hom-culture,,3Biochemistry and Microbiology, and 4Soil ScienceUniversiti PutTa Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor,MalaysiaKeywords: water •stress, banana, alleviation" waterdeficit, stomatal conductance.IntroductionWater stress affects all aspects of plant growth (Mohd Raziand Mohd Kamil, 1996). In recent years, there has been a re-surgence of interests in the effects of water stress on. basicphysiological process in the plant (Acevedo et al. 1971).Water stress inhibits cell elongation, causes stomatal closureand reduces transpiration and carbon dioxide assimilation.Those sequence directly orindirectly willaffect the crop per-formance and productivity.Materials and MethodsThe experiment was conducted to stuoy me errect or auevia-tion of water stress by investigating the influence of sewageeffluent and different surface covers on banana plants culti-vated on ex-mining land, physiological impacts with respectto soil water deficits and the role of banana in controlling thesoil erosion process (comparison with legume cover). Theexperiment was carried out in a glass house except for thesoil erosion study. The treatment was based on RandomisedComplete Block Design (RCBD) with replications. The ef-fect of the treatment was based on the changes in the physi-cal and biochemical growth parameters. The growth pa-rameters observed include leaf quantity, stomatal conduc-tance, width and length of banana leaf, the plant height, di-ameter of banana stem, CWSI, IR, RH, DB, DT, VPD, SOL,and biomass.Results and DiscussionSewage study: Statistical result shows that the treatments af-fect the stomatal conductance and width of the leaf, plantheight, diameter of the stem, DT, CWSI and dry weight ofbiomass and induced significant effects on banana growth(P<O.Ol). The other parameters were not significantly af-fected, suggesting that all the treatments experienced thesame environmental conditions. Surface covers: Statisticalanalysis indicated that black' plastic(Tz)' was the most effec-tive form of mulching. Mulching with T2 showed a signifi-cant different towards stomatal conductance (p<O.Ol)andstem diameter (p<O.05). Increase in thickness of leaf wasalso observed. This result also indicated that T2,was capable,of preventing water evaporation. from the soil. Soil erosionstudy: The result shows that banana plant is capable of con-trolling the soil erosion at the initial stage. Surface coverageof the plot planted with banana changed with time. Towardsthe matured stage, plot planted with Calapogonium mucu-no ides shows that surface' coverage appeared to be 90% andthus minimise the soil erosion effectively. Water deficitstudy: Plants subjected to limited availability of watersho~ed ~arked decrease in plant vegetative .growth andphysiological process.. Stem girth and leaf elongations weremarkedly reduced after 7th. day of withholding water.' Re-gardless of large,depletion of soil moisture content, there wasa small reduction in leaf. water status measured as relativewater content. Stomatal conductance was sensitive to thedepletion of soil moisture content. There was no correlationbetween initial reduction, in stomatal conductance betweenthe reduction in relative water content. Proline concentrationin banana leaf tissue increased with the onset of water stress.The study also showed that stomatal conductance of bananaplantwas affected by the changes in Vapour Pressure Deficit,in both irrigation and water stressed plants.Conclusions.~e :es~lts su~gested that sewage effluenthas a high poten-tial 10 improvmg soil fertility. The overall results, of thestudy suggested that sewage at higher concentration was ableto minimise the water stress through soil modification as wellas providing nutrient. Soil surface covered with black plasticwas' able to minimise the water stress through minimisationof evaporation loss and thus improves soil moisture status.The study also revealed that the physiological process of ba-nana plant significantly depends on water availability. Dueto the plant adjustment with respect to.water stress, the planthas a potential for controlling soil erosion especially duringthe initial stage.ReferencesAcevedo, E., Hsiao, T.e. and Henderson, D.E. 1971. Immediate andsubsequent growth responses of maize leave to changes in waterstatus. Plant Physiol. 48: 631-636.Mohd Razi Ismail and Mohd Kamil Yusoff. 1996. Effects of irradi-ance on growth, photosynthesis rate and yield of melon (Cucumismelo) grown in hydrophonics. Pertanika. 19(213): 103-110.Supported by IRPA Grant 01-02-04-007271

Alleviation of soil moisture stress in banana cultivation

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Alleviation of soil moisture stress in banana cultivation

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