Bui Nghia Vuong

Grace, Delia

Ha Minh Thanh

Hu Suk Lee

Hung Nguyen-Viet

Lindahl, Johanna F.

Nguyen Van Huyen

Nguyen Viet Khong

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Vietnam is a tropical country with high temperatures and precipitation which may provide good conditions for climate sensitive diseases. Limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the level of aflatoxin B1 in maize and zoonotic diseases in pigs in Vietnam. In addition, no previous studies have been conducted to evaluate the perception and knowledge of aflatoxins in Vietnam. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in maize and two zoonotic diseases (Japanese encephalitis (JE) and leptospirosis) in pigs, as well as to evaluate perceptions and knowledge of aflatoxins among people in the study areas.INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUNDRESULTSDISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONThis is the first large scale screening study for Aflatoxin B1 in maize and leptospirosis and JE in pigs in Vietnam and the results are useful to better understand the level and epidemiology of aflatoxins, Japanese encephalitis and leptospirosis in different provinces. This study also suggests potential risk to humans and animals in Vietnam as well as to identify demographic factors (such as gender and level of education) significantly influencing knowledge of aflatoxins. Further investigation is needed in each region into the possible role of environmental conditions and different wildlife species in contributing to infection. CONTACTName: Hu Suk lee, email: h.s.lee@cigar.org, Website: http:pestforecast.wikispaces.com/ILRI, VietnamA total of 2,370 maize samples were collected from six provinces and analyzed. Among collected samples, 799 samples (33.71%, 95% CI: 31.81%-35.66%) were above 5 µg/kg, and 687 samples (28.98%, 95% CI: 27.17%-30.86%) were above 20 µg/kg (Table 1). A total of 1,959 sera samples were collected from five provinces and analyzed. Overall, the sero-prevalences of leptospirosis were 8.17% (95% CI: 6.99-9.47) and serovar Tarassovi Mitis (2.19%) had the highest prevalence followed by Australis (1.94%), Javanica (1.68%) and Autumnalis (1.17%) using a cut-off titer of ≥ 1:100 (Figure 2) while 3.98% (95% CI: 3.16-4.95) for JE was detected (Table 2).Hu Suk Lee1, Hung Nguyen-Viet1*, Nguyen Viet Khong2, Ha Minh Thanh3, Bui Nghia Vuong2, Nguyen Van Huyen2, Johanna Lindahl1,4,5, Delia Grace1Climate sensitive diseases in Vietnam: aflatoxin B1 in maize and zoonotic diseases in pigsRESEARCH APPROACHES Maize and pig samples were randomly collected from six provinces based on high maize production to represent six agro-ecological zones including Son La, Hanoi, NgheAn, Dak Lak, Dong Nai, and An Giang. Samples per province were collected using multi-stage sampling (province-district-commune) (Figure 1). Maize was tested for aflatoxin B1 with ELISA and calculated the mean, median and range while pig samples were tested for JE and leptospirosis with ELISA to estimate the sero-prevalences. All maize and pigs samples were analyzed at Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI) and National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR), respectively. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThis study was supported by a grant from the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security to the Pestforecast project which was implemented by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). Financial support was also received from the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, led by the International Food Policy Research Institute.Figure 1. Sampling districts(pink) within selected provinces (blue)Table 1. Distribution of aflatoxin B1 level in maize from province by purposeTable 2. Seroprevalence of JE in pigs from five provinces in Vietnam051015Hanoi Son La Nghe An Dak Lak An GiangAustralisAutumnalisGrippotyphosaHardjoJavanicaTarassovi MitisHebdomadisIcterohaemorrhagiaeCanicolaFigure 2. Percentage with 95% confidence interval of sero-positive samples by serovar in each province using cut-off titer ≥ 1001 International Livestock Research Institute, ILRI Vietnam and Kenya, 2 National Institute of Veterinary Research, Vietnam 3 Plant Protection Research Institute, Vietnam , 4 Uppsala University, Sweden, 5 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Climate sensitive diseases in Vietnam: Aflatoxin B1 in maize and zoonotic diseases in pigs

Vietnam is a tropical country with high temperatures and precipita-tion which may provide good conditions for climate sensitive diseas-es. Limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the level of afla-toxin B1 in maize and zoonotic diseases in pigs in Vietnam. In addition, no previous studies have been conducted to evaluate the perception and knowledge of aflatoxins in Vietnam. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in maize and two zoonotic diseases (Japanese encephalitis and leptospirosis) in pigs, as well as to evaluate perceptions and knowledge of aflatoxins among people in the study areas.A total of 2,370 maize samples were collected from six provinces and analyzed. Among collected samples, 799 samples (33.71%, 95% CI: 31.81%-35.66%) were above 5 µg/kg, and 687 samples (28.98%, 95% CI: 27.17%-30.86%) were above 20 µg/kg (Table 1). A total of 1,959 sera samples were collected from five provinces and analyzed. Overall, the sero-prevalences of leptospirosis were 8.17% (95% CI: 6.99-9.47) and serovar Tarassovi Mitis (2.19%) had the highest prevalence followed by Australis (1.94%), Javanica (1.68%) and Autumnalis (1.17%) using a cuto titer of ≥ 1:100 (Figure 2) while 3.98% (95% CI: 3.16-4.95) for JE was detected (Table 2).INTRODUCTIONMaize and pig samples were randomly collected from six provinces based on high maize production to represent six agro-ecological zones : Son La, Hanoi, Nghe An, Dak Lak, Dong Nai, and An Giang. Sam-ples per province were collected using multi-stage sampling (prov-ince-district-commune) (Figure 1). Maize was tested for aflatoxin B1 with ELISA and calculated the mean, median and range while pig sam-ples were tested for JE and leptospirosis with ELIS to estimate the se-ro-prevalences. All maize and pigs samples were analyzed at Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI) and National Institute of Veteri-nary Research (NIVR), respectively. This is the first large scale screening study for Aflatoxin B1 in maize and leptospirosis and JE in pigs in Vietnam and the results are useful to better understand the level and epidemiology of aflatoxins, Japanese encephalitis and leptospirosis in dierent provinces. This study also suggests potential risk to humans and animals in Vietnam as well as to identify demographic factors (such as gender and level of education) significantly influencing knowledge of aflatoxins. Further investiga-tion is needed in each region into the possible role of environmental conditions and dierent wildlife species in contributing to infection. RESEARCH APPROACH DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONRESULTSCLIMATE SENSITIVE DISEASES IN VIETNAM: AFLATOXIN B1 IN MAIZE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES IN PIGSNorth-West Vietnam Research Symposium 2017Hu Suk Lee1, Hung Nguyen-Viet1, Nguyen Viet Khong2, Ha Minh Thanh3, Bui Nghia Vuong2, Nguyen Van Huyen2, Johanna Lindahl1,4,5, Delia Grace11 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Vietnam and Kenya2 National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR), Hanoi, Vietnam3 Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Hanoi, Vietnam4 Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden5 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SwedenFigure 1: Sampling districts(pink) within selected provinces (blue)Table 1: Distribution of aflatoxin B1 level in maize from province by purposeTable 2: Seroprevalence of JE in pigs from five provinces in VietnamFigure 2: Percentage with 95% confidence interval of sero-positive samples by serovar in each province using cuto titer ≥ 1:100

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Climate sensitive diseases in Vietnam: Aflatoxin B1 in maize and zoonotic diseases in pigs

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