Bossey, O.

Mengesha, W.

Menkir, A.

Meseka, S.

CGSpace

www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  Assessment of performance of drought tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under combined drought and heat stress   S. Meseka, A. Menkir, O. Bossey, and W. Mengesha Maize Improvement Programme International Institute of Tropical Agriculture 2nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  Introduction • Introduction • Objectives • Materials & Methods • Assessment of DT hybrid under combined Drought and Heat stress • Acknowledgements • CONCLUSIONS     2nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  Introduction  51% population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) depend on maize as major staple for food & feed    Drought & high temperatures are limiting maize productivity in SSA – causing extensive economic yield losses   Increase in temperature above 30oC reduces yield by 1% under optimal rain-fed & by 2.1% under drought conditions 2nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  Introduction  Average optimum temp for lowland tropical maize 30 – 34oC   Climate change  Increase temperature by 2oC reduce maize yield by 13% (Cairn et al., 2013)  20% reduction in rainfall reduces maize yield by 4.2%  DS+HS at reproductive stages reduces maize yield by 40% to 100% (Lobell et al, 2011)  DS+HS will affect 40% of the maize growing areas by 2030 (Neate, 2013).   Source: Cairn et al., 2012a. 2nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  Introduction Drought stress  leaf rolling  delay in silk emergence (long ASI)  abortion & poor seed set   leaf senescence  reduced kernel number & weight  Heat stress  leaf firing   tassel blast   drying of pollen grains   unreceptive silk  abortion & poor seed set  low kernel weight  barren plants Tassel blast www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  Objectives assess the extent of variation in tolerance to combined drought and heat stress from among the existing best drought tolerant maize hybrids,   identify traits that contributed to better performance under combined drought and heat stress,   identify the best hybrids with combined tolerance to drought and heat stress for further evaluation and release. 2nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  Materials & Methods  Site: Kadawa, Kano State, Nigeria  Genetic materials  29 Advanced DT 3-way cross hybrids  10 Commercial hybrids  One local check   Planting & field management  Planting: mid-February  Furrow irrigation  Approach of evaluation  Irrigation withdrawn for 21 days  Irrigation resumes once/week  Data – weather & maize crop  2nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  051015202530354045501 8 15 22 29 36 43 50 57 64 71 78 85 92 99 106 113 120Number of growing days  Temperature (oC)Day 2013 Day 2014 Night 2013 Night 20142nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  Table 1: Mean squares from ANOVA of DT hybrids under Drought + Heat stress  Source Grain yield Anthesis  date Silking date Plant height Ear  height Plant aspect Ear per plant Ear aspect Leaf death1 Leaf death2 Tassel Blast Barren Plants (kg/ha) (day) (day) (cm) (cm) (1 - 5)a (no.) (1 - 5)b (1 - 9)c (1 - 9)c (1 - 5)d (1 - 5)e Year (Y) 20.6*** 60.7*** 53.8*** 21.6*** 11.7*** 18.6*** 49.0*** 11.1*** 24.5*** 42.3*** 5.2*** 22.1*** Blk (Rep x Y) 33.5*** 13.6*** 16.3*** 31.2*** 35.0*** 17.5*** 17.2*** 33.4*** 22.3*** 19.4*** 19.3*** 23.8*** Genotype (G) 11.4*** 7.2*** 6.8*** 17.6*** 21.0*** 15.9*** 10.3*** 12.8*** 10.9** 15.6*** 17.1*** 10.4** G x Year 12.9** 6.0** 5.8** 9.5 12.3* 18.9*** 8.6** 13.2* 16.0** 8.0 27.9*** 14.3 Mean 2174.4 68.7 3.0 181.9 90.7 0.8 3.4 3.0 4.0 7.3 2.0 2.0 Repeatability 0.48 0.62 0.49 0.73 0.71 0.64 0.52 0.48 0.63 0.38 0.16 0.40 LSD (0.05) 1190.2 3.2 1.8 16.5 12.4 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.4 CV (%) 41.7 4.1 54.0 8.5 11.7 20.9 14.72 13.2 11.9 11.7 18.8 16.5 2nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March Results Assessing DT hybrids  www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  Dendrogram of DT hybrids and commercial hybrids under DS + HS condition  2nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  Association of same traits under DS with DS+HS & IRG Trait under DS  DS with  DS + HS DS with   IRG Grain yield (kg ha-1) 0.29 0.74*** Days to anthesis (day) 0.58*** 0.89*** Days to silking (day) 0.65*** 0.90*** Anthesis - Silking Interval (day) 0.45** 0.67*** Ear per plant (no.) 0.47** 0.40* Ear aspect (1 - 5)a 0.26 0.67*** Plant aspect (1 - 5)b 0.19 0.54** Leaf death score2 (1 - 10)c 0.18 - 2nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March a Ear aspect– where 1 = excellent ear & 5 = poorly filled ear; b Plant aspect- good looking plants & 5 = poor looking plants; and c Second leaf death score– where 1 = 10% leaf death & 10 = 100% leaf death    www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org   Association of traits with yield under IRG, DS & DS+HS a Ear aspect– where 1 = excellent ear & 5 = poorly filled ear; b Plant aspect- good looking plants & 5 = poor looking plants; and c Second leaf death score– where 1 = 10% leaf death & 10 = 100% leaf death    2nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March Trait under DS IRG  DS   DS + HS   (r) (r) (r) Days to anthesis (day) -0.09 -0.40* -0.42** Days to silking (day) 0.13 -0.48** -0.36* Anthesis - Silking Interval (day) 0.30 -0.59*** -0.17 Ear per plant (no.) 0.65*** 0.68*** 0.63*** Ear aspect (1 - 5)a -0.83*** 0.83*** -0.85*** Plant aspect (1 - 5)b -0.86*** -0.70*** -0.47** Leaf death score2 (1 - 9)c - -0.25 0.02 www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  Effect of tassel blast to grain yield under D+H Effect of tassel blast on grain yields of advanced DT hybrids y = -905.51x + 3972.7R2 = 0.20*050010001500200025003000350040001.2 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.2 3.7Grain yield (kg ha-1) under drought + heat stressTassel Blast (1 - 5)DT Hybrid Commer. Hybrid Local Check2nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  CONCLUSIONS  We have identified some hybrids tolerant to DS+HS from the existing TD hybrids to be shared with NARS for release   Some adapted DT hybrids, which are already in dissemination, showed good levels of tolerance to DS+HS    The tolerant hybrids will be used to extract inbred lines for developing new generation of hybrids tolerant to DS+HS   Introduce germplasm from diverse sources for broadening the genetic base of the existing DS+HS tolerant Genotypes.   2nd Agriculture and Climate Change Conference, Sitges, Spain 26 – 28 March www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  Acknowledgements www.iita.org   I   www.cgiar.org  

Assessment of performance of drought tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under combined drought and heat stress

https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/10568/91690/1/U17ProcMesekaAssessmentNothomNodev.pdf

Assessment of performance of drought tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under combined drought and heat stress

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

CGSpace