Kozáková, Jana

Lančarič, Drahoslav

Némethová, Veronika

Savov, Radovan

Research Institute of Agricultural Economics

Human Resources in Slovak Agriculture: Impact of Selected FactorsSavov, Radovan – Lančarič, Drahoslav – Kozáková, Jana –Némethová, VeronikaSlovak University of Agriculture in NitraFaculty of Economics and ManagementDepartment of ManagementContent• Development of employment in agriculture• Main factors influencing employment• social and economic changes in Slovakia• low wages• restructuring of production and sideline production cancelled• size of AUA per company• focus on efficiency and productivity• less employees – more entrepreneursConclusionNumber of employees in Slovak agriculture 140425113497751535327940910337970200004000060000800001000001200001400001600001994 1997 2001 2005 2009 2013Source: MAaRDChanges in the structure of employees2014/2005employees in crop production 67,0%employees in livestock production 56,7%craftsmen and servicemen 44,8%other workers 54,9%managerial and administrative staff 61,0%Source: MAaRDFarm labour force (by type of labour)Source: EurostatMain factors• social and economic changes in Slovakia• low wages • restructuring of production and sideline production cancelled• size of AUA per company• focus on efficiency and productivity• less employees – more entrepreneursIndex of employment in agriculture (in %)68,3050,7027,4017,2015,5010,20 9,20 8,90 9,20 8,10 7,30 6,90 6,20 6,60 6,00 5,10 4,70 4,40 4,20 3,90 3,60 3,20 3,10 3,20 3,30 3,500,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,0080,001900 1952 1965 1977 1988 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Source: Statistical Office of SlovakiaMain factors• social and economic changes in Slovakia• low wages • restructuring of production and sideline production cancelled• size of AUA per company• focus on efficiency and productivity• less employees – more entrepreneursAverage wages in Slovak economy and agriculture (EUR per employee and month)250,79340,11419,37555,72639,15306,25410,44573,39744,58240,00100,00200,00300,00400,00500,00600,00700,00800,00900,001997 2001 2005 2009 2013Source: Statistical Office of SlovakiaH1: number of employees depends on wagesRegressionwages (measured by personnel costs)1997 2001 2005 2009 2013Sig. 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000R2 0,943 0,940 0,940 0,907 0,905number of companies 1230 1222 1311 1266 1290Source: own researchMain factors• social and economic changes in Slovakia• low wages • restructuring of production and sideline production cancelled• size of AUA per company• focus on efficiency and productivity• less employees – more entrepreneursLSU per ha0,25 0,25 0,310,32 0,350,420,49 0,50 0,50 0,530,58 0,61 0,640,650,72 0,780,82 0,820,921,07 1,071,171,281,84 1,882,903,633,830,000,501,001,502,002,503,003,504,004,50BG LV LT EE SK RO CZ EL FI HU SE PT ES HR PL UK FR IT AT DE SI IE LU CY DK BE NL MTSource: EurostatH2: number of employees depends on type of productionRegressiontype of production (measured by sales from crop and livestock production)1997 2001 2005 2009 2013Sig. CP 0,000 0,000 0,012 0,850 0,474Sig. LVP 0,044 0,373 0,001 0,031 0,221R2 0,943 0,940 0,940 0,907 0,905number of companies 1230 1222 1311 1266 1290Source: own researchMain factors• social and economic changes in Slovakia• low wages • restructuring of production and sideline production cancelled• size of AUA per company• focus on efficiency and productivity• less employees – more entrepreneursAverage utilised agricultural area per holding (ha)16,1 133,0 93,6 80,7 67,5 63,0 58,7 58,6 49,9 45,2 42,0 35,5 34,6 27,4 24,1 23,0 19,4 18,3 16,7 13,8 12,0 10,1 10,0 9,5 6,8 6,7 3,6 3,1 1,2 23,0 0,0 0,0 020406080100120140160EU-28Czech RepublicUnited KingdomSlovakiaDenmarkLuxembourgFranceGermanyEstoniaSwedenFinlandIrelandBelgiumNetherlandsSpainLatviaAustriaBulgariaLithuaniaPortugalItalyPolandCroatiaHungaryGreeceSloveniaRomaniaCyprusMaltaNorwaySwitzerland (²)Montenegro (²)2010 2013 Source: EurostatUtilized area per employeeSource: own researchH3: number of employees depends on AUARegressionarea (measured by AUA)1997 2001 2005 2009 2013Sig. A 0,000 0,000 0,069 0,000 0,000R2 0,943 0,940 0,940 0,907 0,905number of companies 1230 1222 1311 1266 1290Source: own researchMain factors• social and economic changes in Slovakia• low wages • restructuring of production and sideline production cancelled• size of AUA per company• focus on efficiency and productivity• less employees – more entrepreneursHigher productivitySource: own researchH4: number of employees depends on productivity Regressionproductivity (measured by returns)1997 2001 2005 2009 2013Sig. P 0,436 0,693 0,464 0,949 0,027R2 0,943 0,940 0,940 0,907 0,905number of companies 1230 1222 1311 1266 1290Source: own researchMain factors• social and economic changes in Slovakia• low wages • restructuring of production and sideline production cancelled• size of AUA per company• focus on efficiency and productivity• less employees – more entrepreneursLess employees – more entrepreneurs• share of employees decreased from 92,8% in 2005 to 86,8% in 2014• share of entrepreneurs increased from 7,4% to 12,1% in 2014• the number of self-employed in agriculture is increasing• more flexible contracts with workers Occurrence of statistical significant effects of selected variables on the employment in Slovak agricultureProductivityType of production (crop)Type of production (livestock) Wages AUA1997 - x x x x2001 - x - x x2005 - x x x -2009 - - x x x2013 x - - x xSource: own researchThank youRadovan.Savov@uniag.sk

Human Resources in Slovak Agriculture: Impact of Selected Factors

http://repo.aki.gov.hu/2714/1/S0_4_Savov_ERDN2016_Budapest.pdf

Human Resources in Slovak Agriculture: Impact of Selected Factors

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