Type 1 diabetes, a serious and life-threatening disease with many complications, is one of the

most common (autoimmune) endocrine and metabolic conditions in childhood, with life-saving

treatment and lifelong, but painful and time-consuming in daily life, requiring self-action and a

balanced diet, equally distributed among boys and girls

Amiri, Masoud.

Hosseini, Seyed masih.

Maghsoudi, Reza.

shahrekord university of medical scinces

Diabetes mellitus is increasing world-wide in all countries, all ages and both genders”. This is a common sentence we have heard recent years which it could encourage people to read and search about the disease. It should be noted that most of the time, it may consider type 2 di-abetes, however, is taht mean that type 1 di-abetes is not important? Absolutely not. In fact, type 1 diabetes, a serious and life-threat-ening disease with many complications, is one of the most common (autoimmune) en-docrine and metabolic conditions in child-hood, with life-saving treatment and lifelong, but painful and time-consuming in daily life, requiring self-action and a balanced diet, equally distributed among boys and girls (1). It is only 10%-15% of all types of diabetes (2). Two international collaborative programs; i.e., the Diabetes Mondiale study (DiaMond) and the Europe and Diabetes study (EURO-DIAB) have been begun in the 1980s to mon-itor the trends of incidence of disease (1). While some studies reported the decline in the mortality and morbidity from type 1 di-abetes mellitus in Europe (3) and the United States (4)  in the past 30 years, some other studies reported worldwide increasing (5), with later onset of disease in Africa compared to western Europe (6-8), as well as Kuwait (9), Sudan (10), Egypt (11). Although, most of type 1 patients would be diagnosed in the first two decades of life, there is some evi-dences that an increasing number of patients would be recognized in older ages (12,13), but not in Switzerland (14) with increase in under 5 year children incidence rates. Furthermore, there is a large variability of disease distribution around the world. Fin-land with about 40/100 000 per year has the largest incidence rates of disease in the world compared to China with lowest inci-dence rate of 0.1/100 000 per year (15). In the Middle East region, the incidence rate var-ies from 1/100 000 to 8/100 000 per year in Pakistan and Egypt, respectively (16). Even within a country, there is variability across country (17) as well as urban-rural differ-ence (18).Nowadays, with increasing type 2 diabetes importance worldwide, due to unhealthy life style (as the main cause of disease) as well as the possibility of prevention or making a delay in onset and its complications, in ad-dition to focus on finding a potential main preventive method to protect against type 2 diabetes, one important question will be raised: “What is the future situation of type 1 diabetes mellitus worldwide?”In one hand, with development of new meth-ods and increased awareness of populations, type 1 diabetes will be diagnosed faster and maybe new treatments can cure it more ef-fective than now; one the other hand, in chil-dren under 5 years old and older ages, it is going to show increase in incidence. What would be the difference between developed and developing countries? What will be the direct (treatment and medication) and in-direct (social, productivity, stress on family members, and so on) costs of this disease compared to type 2 diabetes? How would be the future health policies for coping with this disease? Author’s contribution All authors have equally contributed in the writing of article.Conflicts of interestThe authors declared no competing interests.Ethical considerations Ethical issues (including plagiarism, data fabrication, double publication) have been completely observed by the authors.Copyright © 2016 The Author(s); Published by Nickan Research Institute. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Diabetes mellitus type 1; is it a global challengeActa Epidemioendocrinol. 2016;1(1):e02                                                                             Epidemiology and PreventionActa EpidemioendocrinologicaMasoud Amiri*, Seyed Masih Hosseini, Reza MaghsoudiSocial Health Determinants Research Center, Shahrekrod University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranCorrespondence toMasoud Amiri, Ph.D, Email:Masoud.amiri@yahoo.comReceived: 20 December 2015 Accepted: 16 January 2016ePublished:  21 January 2016Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Autoimmune, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Type 1 diabetes mellitusType 1 diabetes, a serious and life-threatening disease with many complications, is one of the most common (autoimmune) endocrine and metabolic conditions in childhood, with life-saving treatment and lifelong, but painful and time-consuming in daily life, requiring self-action and a balanced diet, equally distributed among boys and girls.Core tipCitation: Amiri M, Hosseini SM. Diabetes mellitus type 1; is it a global challenge? Acta Epidemioendocrinol. 2016;1(1):e02. http actaepidendocrinol.comAmiri M et alActa Epidemioendocrinologica 2  2016  Volume 1  Issue 1  e02    Funding/Support None.References1. Soltesz G, Patterson CC, Dahlquist G; EURODIAB Study Group. Worldwide childhood type 1 diabetes incidence--what can we learn from epidemiology? Pediatr Diabetes. 2007;8:6-14.2. Diabetes UK. Diabetes in the UK 2011⁄12: Key Statistics on Diabetes. London: Diabetes UK; 2011. http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Documents/Reports/Diabetes-in-the-UK-2011-12.pdf.Accessed February 28, 2012.3. Nordwall M, Bojestig M, Arnqvist HJ, Ludvigsson J, Linkoping Diabetes Complications S. Declining incidence of severe retinopathy and persisting decrease of nephropathy in an unselected population of Type 1 diabetes-the Linkoping Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetologia. 2004;47:1266-1272.4. Pambianco G, Costacou T, Ellis D, Becker DJ, Klein R, Orchard TJ. The 30-year natural history of type 1 diabetes complications: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study experience. Diabetes. 2006;55:1463-69.5. International Diabetes Federation. The IDF Diabetes Atlas. 5th ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2011. http://www.idf.org/idf-diabetes-atlas-fifth-edition. Access April 23, 2013.6. Padoa CJ. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Africa.  Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa. 2011;16:130-6.7. Lammi N, Blomstedt PA, Moltchanova E, Eriksson JG, Tuomilehto J, Karvonen M. Marked temporal increase in the incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among young adults in Finland. Diabetologia. 2008;51(5):897-9.8. Podar T, Solntsev A, Karvonen M, et al. Increasing incidence of childhood-onset type I diabetes in 3 Baltic countries and Finland 1983-1998. Diabetologia. 2001;44:B17-20.9. Shaltout AA, Moussa MA, Qabazard M, Abdella N, Karvonen M, Al-Khawari M, et al. Further evidence for the rising incidence of childhood Type 1 diabetes in Kuwait. Diabet Med. 2002;19:522-5.10. Emad MA, Ali YH, Enan KA. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children in sudan: serological evidence of coxsackievirus  infection. J Sci Technol. 2011;12:64-73.11. El-Ziny MA, Salem NA, El-Hawary AK, Chalaby NM, Elsharkawy AA. Epidemiology of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Nile Delta, Northern Egypt - a retrospective study. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2014;6:9-15.12. Rewers M, Laporte RE, King H, Tuomilehto J. Trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood. World Health Stat Q. 1998;41:179-89.13. Harjutsalo V, Lammi N, Karvonen M, Groop PH. Age at onset of type 1 diabetes in parents and recurrence risk in offspring. Diabetes. 2010;59:210-4.14. Schoenle EJ, Lang-Muritano M, Gschwend S, Laimbacher J, Mullis PE, Torresani T, et al. Epidemiology of type I diabetes mellitus in Switzerland: steep rise in incidence in under 5 year old children in the past decade. Diabetologia. 2001;44:286-289.15. Karvonen M, Viik-Kajander M, Moltchanova E, Libman I, LaPorte R, Tuomilehto J. Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide. Diabetes Mondiale (DiaMond) Project Group. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1516-26.16. Soltèsz G, Patterson C, Dahlquist G. Global trends in childhood type 1 diabetes. In: Diabetes Atlas. 3rd ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2006:153-90.17. Rytkonen M, Ranta J, Tuomilehto J, Karvonen M, Group SSGTFCDR. Bayesian analysis of geographical variation in the incidence of Type I diabetes in Finland. Diabetologia. 2001;44:B37-44.18. Rytkönen M, Moltchanova E, Ranta J, Taskinen O, Tuomilehto J, Karvonen M, et al. The incidence of type 1 diabetes among children in Finland--rural-urban difference. Health Place. 2003;9:315-25.

Diabetes mellitus type 1: is it a global challenge?

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