Proteomic Analysis of <i>Sulfolobus solfataricus</i> during <i>Sulfolobus</i> Turreted Icosahedral Virus Infection
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Abstract
Where there is life, there are viruses. The impact of
viruses on
evolution, global nutrient cycling, and disease has driven research
on their cellular and molecular biology. Knowledge exists for a wide
range of viruses; however, a major exception are viruses with archaeal
hosts. Archaeal virus–host systems are of great interest because
they have similarities to both eukaryotic and bacterial systems and
often live in extreme environments. Here we report the first proteomics-based
experiments on archaeal host response to viral infection. <i>Sulfolobus</i> Turreted Icosahedral Virus (STIV) infection of <i>Sulfolobus solfataricus</i> P2 was studied using 1D and 2D differential
gel electrophoresis (DIGE) to measure abundance and redox changes.
Cysteine reactivity was measured using novel fluorescent zwitterionic
chemical probes that, together with abundance changes, suggest that
virus and host are both vying for control of redox status in the cells.
Proteins from nearly 50% of the predicted viral open reading frames
were found along with a new STIV protein with a homologue in STIV2.
This study provides insight to features of viral replication novel
to the archaea, makes strong connections to well-described mechanisms
used by eukaryotic viruses such as ESCRT-III mediated transport, and
emphasizes the complementary nature of different omics approaches