<p>(A) Effects of hyperosmotic stress in INA-treated parasites. <i>P. falciparum</i> cultures treated with 50 µM INA were observed in various dilution ratios of PBS for 8 h. Parasitemia was determined by Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. Student's <i>t</i>-test: *P>0.005. Values are means ± SD of n = 6 in two independent experiments. Data were normalized relative to control cultures (1× PBS) in DMSO- and INA-treated samples, respectively. Representative parasite morphologies are shown for each treatment. Scale bar, 3 µm. (B) Effects of hyposmotic stress, experimentally induced by the addition of water to the culture medium of <i>P. falciparum</i>, after 8 h of 50 µM INA treatment. N = 6 smears each in two independent experiments.</p
