Molybdenum(VI) Oxosulfato
Complexes in MoO<sub>3</sub>–K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>–K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Molten Mixtures: Stoichiometry,
Vibrational Properties,
and Molecular Structures
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Abstract
The structural and vibrational properties of molybdenum(VI)
oxosulfato
complexes formed in MoO<sub>3</sub>–K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> and MoO<sub>3</sub>–K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>–K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> molten mixtures
under an O<sub>2</sub> atmosphere and static equilibrium conditions
were studied by Raman spectroscopy at temperatures of 400–640
°C. The corresponding composition effects were explored in the <i>X</i><sub>MoO<sub>3</sub></sub><sup>0</sup> = 0–0.5 range. MoO<sub>3</sub> undergoes a dissolution
reaction in molten K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, and the
Raman spectra point to the formation of molybdenum(VI) oxosulfato
complexes. The MoO stretching region of the Raman spectrum
provides sound evidence for the occurrence of a dioxo Mo(O)<sub>2</sub> configuration as a core. The stoichiometry of the dissolution
reaction MoO<sub>3</sub> + <i>n</i>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2–</sup> → C<sup>2<i>n</i>–</sup> was inferred by exploiting the Raman band intensities, and it was
found that <i>n</i> = 1. Therefore, depending on the MoO<sub>3</sub> content, monomeric MoO<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub><sup>2–</sup> and/or associated [MoO<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub><i>m</i></sub><sup>2<i>m</i>–</sup> complexes are formed in the binary MoO<sub>3</sub>–K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> molten system, and
pertinent structural models are proposed in full consistency with
the Raman data. A 6-fold coordination around Mo is inferred. Adjacent
MoO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> cores are linked by bidentate bridging
sulfates. With increasing temperature at concentrated melts (i.e.,
high <i>X</i><sub>MoO<sub>3</sub></sub><sup>0</sup>), the observed spectral changes can be explained
by partial dissociation of [MoO<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub><i>m</i></sub><sup>2<i>m</i>–</sup> by detachment of S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2–</sup> and
formation of a MoOMo bridge. Addition of K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> in MoO<sub>3</sub>–K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> results in a “follow-up” reaction and
formation of MoO<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>4–</sup> and/or associated [MoO<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sub><i>m</i></sub><sup>4<i>m</i>–</sup> complexes
in the ternary MoO<sub>3</sub>–K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>–K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> molten system. The 6-fold
Mo coordination comprises two oxide ligands and four O atoms linking
to coordinated sulfate groups in various environments of reduced symmetry.
The most characteristic Raman bands for the molybdenum(VI) oxosulfato
complexes pertain to the Mo(O)<sub>2</sub> stretching modes:
(1) at 957 (polarized) and 918 (depolarized) cm<sup>–1</sup> for the ν<sub>s</sub> and ν<sub>as</sub> Mo(O)<sub>2</sub> modes of MoO<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub><sup>2–</sup> and [MoO<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub><i>m</i></sub><sup>2<i>m</i>–</sup> and
(2) at 935 (polarized) and 895 (depolarized) cm<sup>–1</sup> for the respective modes of MoO<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>4–</sup> and [MoO<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sub><i>m</i></sub><sup>4<i>m</i>–</sup>. The results were tested and found to be in accordance with ab initio
quantum chemical calculations carried out on [MoO<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>4–</sup> and [{MoO<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(μ-SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>8–</sup> ions, in assumed isolated gaseous free states,
at the DFT/B3LYP (HF) level and with the 3-21G basis set. The calculations
included determination of vibrational infrared and Raman spectra,
by use of force constants in the Gaussian 03W program