<p>SAPN based vaccines present CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell epitopes to stimulate a protective cellular immune response. (A) C57BL/6 mice immunized with a SAPN containing only <i>P. falciparum</i> CSP B-cell epitopes (<i>Pf</i>CSP-SAPN) or a SAPN containing both <i>P. falciparum</i> CSP B- and T-cell epitopes (<i>Pf</i>CSP-KMY-SAPN). n = 10; Error bars show means ± s.d. of three separate experiments. (B) Either sera or total splenocytes were transferred from immunized mice to naïve mice which were challenged 24 h post-transfer. n = 10; data shown is one of two experiments. (C) In order to determine if CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cells were involved in protection we immunized wild-type C57BL/6 mice (WT) and MHC Class I knockout (MHC1 KO) mice with SAPN containing <i>Pf</i>CSP specific CD8<sup>+</sup> epitopes. Mice were challenged with 5,000 Tg-<i>Pb/PfCSP</i> sporozoites. n = 10. *P<0.01; ***P<0.0001.</p
