Imunohistokemijska analiza izraženosti antigena MAGE-A3/4 i NY-ESO-1 u metastatskom karcinomu pločastih stanica jednjaka

Abstract

Squamous cell cancer is the most recent malignant esophageal cancer and makes up approximately 6% of all malignant cancers of gastrointestinal system, however it has a highly unfavorable prognosis and five year survival rate is less than 10%. As the therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) up till now has given poor and actually overwhelming results, numerous researches are under way with the scope of detecting new methods of treatment. Antigens associated to tumour, so called tumour associated antigens-TAA, are specific antigens able to recognize cyitotoxic T lymphocyte within the main system of the gene tissue tolerance (Major Human Leukocyte Antigens-HLA) type I. The most important among antigens are „melanoma-associated antigens“(MAGE) and antigen NY-ESO-1 which discovery gave necessary momentum to the attempts of applying immunotherapy. In this study immunohistochemical method was used for analyzing the expression of the tumour antigens MAGE-3/4 and NY-ESO-1 in the samples of esophageal squamous cells cancer and their spreading to the lymph nodes, in order to determine the link between expression of individual antigens in primary lesion and in spreading to the lymph node, and compare the expression link of each antigen with hystological tumour grade, TNM classification, site and size of tumour, age and sex of the patient. It has been established that the antigen MAGE-A3/4 expression positively correlates with NY-ESO-1 expression in the same tumour (r=0.310), and antigen NY-ESO-1 expression positively correlates with the same in lymph node metastases (r=0.605, rho= 0.588). Finally it has been established that the only parameter displaying serious statistic importance in comparison to the antigen NY-ESO-1 expression is the age of a patient, negatively correlating with antigen expression in tumour (P=0.001, r= - 0.516, , rho= - 0.515)