Salute dentoparodontale in gravidanza e sue correlazioni con la salute sistemica: studio epidemiologico longitudinale in un campione di donne gravide milanesi
According to recent evidence, periodontal diseases may represent a risk factor for adverse pregnancy
outcomes like preterm birth (<37 weeks) and/or low birth weight (<2500 g) as well as they are supposed
to be related to systemic diseases like for example cardiovascular diseases, which are often
characterized by a hyperinflammatory trait and are in turn associated to adverse pregnancy
outcomes. The aim of this report was to analyze oral and systemic conditions in a sample of postpartum
women and investigate a possible relationship between oral and systemic pathologies and
adverse pregnancy outcomes. 363 post-partum women were interviewed and underwent a dental
and periodontal examination within 5 days from delivery. Data was collected about
sociodemographic status, smoking habit, oral hygiene habits, probing pocket depth, bleeding on
probing, clinical attachment level and dental status. Basing on pregnancy outcomes, the sample
was divided in 120 cases (28 women affected by preeclampsia, 33 by IUGR, 41 by PROM, 9 who
delivered low birth babies, 26 who delivered preterm and 43 who delivered preterm low weight babies) and
243 controls. In the present study a strong correlation was observed between adverse pregnancy
outcome and the presence of a maternal pathology. Considering single pathologies, allergies,
hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were significantly associated to cases. A
correlation was observed between adverse pregnancy outcomes and a high maternal bleeding
index. No statistically significant correlation was found with periodontal markers like probing
pocket depth and clinical attachment level, or with DMFT index
