The comparative analysis of avifauna in four urban parks in Zagreb

Abstract

Tijekom 2007. godine provedeno je istraživanje ornitofaune u četiri zagrebačka parka. Cilj je bio utvrditi sastav i raznolikost ornitofaune istraživanih parkova te dobivene podatke dovesti u vezu s obilježjima parkova. Time bi se ustanovio značaj ovih površina u očuvanju i unapređivanju populacija ptica grada Zagreba te dale smjernice za daljnje upravljanje parkovima. Svaki je park posjećen dva puta mjesečno u razdoblju sezone gniježđenja te jedanput mjesečno u ostatku godine. Prilikom bilježenja ptica i utvrđivanja teritorija korištena je metoda kartiranja. Varijable o obilježjima parkova izračunate su na osnovu podataka dobivenih od podružnice Zrinjevac Zagrebačkog holdinga. Tijekom istraživanja zabilježeno je ukupno 45 vrsta ptica od čega su 24 vrste gnjezdarice koje gnijezdo imaju u parku. Broj vrsta gnjezdarica koje barem dio teritorija imaju u parku iznosio je 27. Na zimovanju su zabilježene 24 vrste. Omnivorne vrste i vrste koje se hrane na tlu pokazale su se dominantnima i za gniježđenja i za zimovanja. Među gnjezdaricama s gnijezdom u parku dominantne su bile one koje gnijezde u krošnjama. Među gnjezdaricama koje barem dio teritorija imaju u parku dominantne su bile one koje gnijezde na antropogenim objektima. 13 varijabli okoliša pokazalo je povezanost s barem jednom varijablom ornitofaune a 57 varijabli ornitofaune pokazalo se korelirani s barem jednom od varijabli okoliša. Grupa omnivora pokazala je pozitivnu korelaciju s posjećenosti i pokrovnosti zgradama što za zimovanja, što za sezone gniježđenja. Ove dvije varijable okoliša su pak pokazale negativan utjecaj na ostale grupe ptica. Varijable okoliša povezane s vegetacijom pokazale su pak pozitivan utjecaj na raznolikost i bogatstvo svih grupa ptica osim omnivora.Bird communities were investigated in four urban parks in Zagreb during 2007. The study intends to asses the composition and diversity of bird communities in the parks and to establish the relationship between characteristics of ornithofauna and park characteristics. The results should help asses the importance of these areas in the conservation and promotion of bird populations in Zagreb and to address guidelines for park management. Each park was visited two times monthly during the breeding season and once monthly during the rest of the year. The mapping method was used for bird recording and for assessing territories. The park variables were calculated using the data from Zrinjevac d.o.o. A total of 45 bird species were observed. The number of breeding bird species that had a nest in a park was 24 and the number of species that had at least a part of the territory in a park was 27. A total of 24 wintering bird species was recorded. Omnivorous species were dominant during the breeding season as well as during the winter. Among the breeding species that had a nest in a park the canopy nesting species were dominant. Species nesting on artificial structures were dominant among the breeding birds with at least one part of the territory within a park. 13 park variables were correlated with leastwise one ornithofauna variable. The 57 variables of ornithofauna were related to at least one park variable. Omnivorous birds correlated positively with the proportion of the built up areas and human disturbance. These two park variables were negatively correlated with other bird groups. Vegetation variables correlated positively with the species richness and diversity of all bird groups except omnivorous