Modification on Single-Layer Graphene Induced by Low-Energy
Electron-Beam Irradiation
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Abstract
In
this work, we present studies of the effects of electron-beam
irradiation on the modification of single-layer graphene. Micro-Raman
spectra show that the D, D′, and D + G Raman bands, which are
invisible for pristine graphene, appear after the graphenes are irradiated
by low-energy electron-beam irradiation (10 keV), and the intensities
of these peaks increase with increasing irradiation time, indicating
disorder in graphene. The characteristics of G and 2D bands of graphene
are also studied before and after irradiation. In the meantime, the
height of graphene is studied by atomic force microscopy and found
to increase for increasing irradiation time due to the contaminant
deposition on graphene. The effects introduced by irradiation can
be recovered partly by vacuum annealing. These results provide important
information about the modification of graphene under electron-beam
irradiation