<p>Larval pollen provisions were collected and processed by nesting bees. Provisions containing non-transgenic pollen from the isoline were manually ‘spiked’ with insecticidal protein dissolved in water to achieve the test concentrations indicated (w∶w). aPercentage OC-1 of total soluble protein in pollen extract, determined by dot-blot immunoassay. Abbreviations: OC-1, oryzacystatin-1; rOC-1, recombinant OC-1; GNA, <i>Galanthus nivalis</i> agglutinin.</p
