Modernized Low Pressure Carbonylation Methods in Batch and Flow Employing Common Acids as a CO Source

Abstract

Carbonylation reactions, such as Heck, Sonogashira, and radical carbonylations, were successfully carried out in a “two-chamber reactor” where carbon monoxide was produced <i>ex situ</i> by the Morgan reaction (dehydration of formic acid by sulfuric acid). By a subsequent application in a microflow system using a “tube-in-tube” reactor where gas-permeable Teflon AF2400 was used as the inner tube, it is demonstrated that formic acid/sulfuric acid can be employed concomitantly with an amine base such as triethylamine in the Heck aminocarbonylation of aryl iodide

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