Colorimetric Visualization of Glucose at the Submicromole Level in Serum by a Homogenous Silver Nanoprism–Glucose Oxidase System

Abstract

In this study, we design a homogeneous system consisting of Ag nanoprisms and glucose oxidase (GOx) for simple, sensitive, and low-cost colorimetric sensing of glucose in serum. The unmodified Ag nanoprisms and GOx are first mixed with each other. Glucose is then added in the homogeneous mixture. Finally, the nanoplates are etched from triangle to round by H₂O₂ produced by the enzymatic oxidation, which leads to a more than 120 nm blue shift of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band of the Ag nanoplates. This large wavelength shift can be used not only for visual detection (from blue to mauve) of glucose by naked eyes but for reliable and convenient glucose quantification in the range from 2.0 × 10^–7 to 1.0 × 10^–4 M. The detection limit is as low as 2.0 × 10^–7 M, because the used Ag nanoprisms possess (1) highly reactive edges/tips and (2) strongly tip sharpness and aspect ratio dependent SPR absorption. Owing to ultrahigh sensitivity, only 10–20 μL of serum is enough for a one-time determination. The proposed glucose sensor has great potential in the applications of point-of-care diagnostics, especially for third-world countries where high-tech diagnostics aids are inaccessible to the bulk of the population