Impact of whey protein isolate and protein to carbohydrate ratio on adipose cellular activity.

Abstract

<p>Epididymal adipose tissue gene expression was investigated in mice after 21 weeks on a 10% kJ low fat diet (LFD), 45% kJ high fat diet (HFD), or HFD with 20, 30 or 40% kJ whey protein isolate (WPI). Relative mRNA expression is shown for (A) fatty acid synthase (FASN), fatty acid transporter 1 (FATP1), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), beta-3 adrenergenic receptor (β3-AR), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and carnitine palmitolytransferase 1b (CPT1b), and (B) for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68). Data represent mean values ± SEM (n = 9–10 per group). Gene expression is shown relative to the LFD control group set at 1.00. Groups that do not share a common letter are significantly different at <i>P<</i>0.05.</p

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