<p>Pupal wings of females (A–D) and males (E–H). (A–D) modified from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0089435#pone.0089435-Niitsu1" target="_blank">[12]</a>. In non-differentiation, the pattern of the pupal wing trachea in the female (A) is the same as that of the male (E) during the non-differentiation period. After differentiation, the pupal wing of females is degenerated. Note the significant pupal-wing degeneration on Day 3 (B), Day 4 (C) and Day 7 (D) after the beginning of pupal-adult development. By contrast, the pupal wing of males is formed normally on Day 10 (F) and Day 20 (G) after the beginning of pupal-adult development. (H) is just before adult eclosion. The arrow (A–D) points to the distal end of the degenerating wing of female. White arrowheads (F, G) indicate the position of the bordering lacuna (BL). Scale bar = 1 mm.</p
