Stable Ni Nanoparticle–Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites for the Reduction of Highly Toxic Aqueous Cr(VI) at Room Temperature

Abstract

Inherent properties of graphene can be experienced by integrating it with different nanomaterials to form unique composite materials. Decorating the surface of graphene sheets with nanoparticles (NPs) is one of the recent approaches taken up by scientists all over the world. This article describes a simple synthesis route to preparing stable Ni NP–reduced graphene oxide (Ni–RGO) composite material. The otherwise unstable bare Ni NPs are stabilized when embedded in the RGO sheets. This synthesized composite material has a potential application in the formic acid-induced reduction of highly toxic aqueous Cr­(VI) at room temperature (25 °C). The reduction of dichromate using formic acid as a reducing agent is a well-known redox reaction. However, the rate of the reaction is very slow at room temperature, which can be enhanced very significantly in the presence of Ni–RGO by introducing an intermediate redox step with formic acid. The Ni–RGO composite material is an easy to prepare, cheap, stable, reusable material that has the potential to replace costly Pd NPs used in this context. Ni–RGO is also found to be very active in enhancing the rate of reduction of other metal ions in the presence of formic acid at room temperature