Intravitreal injections of α-MSH corrected aberrant gene expression in the diabetic retina.

Abstract

<p>The relative mRNA expression levels of <i>eNOS</i> (A), <i>iNOS</i> (B), <i>nNOS</i> (C), <i>ICAM-1</i> (D), and <i>TNF-α</i> (E) in the retinal samples were examined by real-time RT-PCR and normalized to those of <i>GAPDH</i>. n = 5–7/group, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.</p