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Light-Tunable Borated Phosphors with Chemical and Luminescence Dynamical
Control Resolution
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Abstract
Single-composition white-emitting
phosphors with superior intrinsic properties upon excitation by ultraviolet
light-emitting diodes are important constituents of next-generation
light sources. Borate-based phosphors, such as NaSrBO<sub>3</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup> and NaCaBO<sub>3</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup>, have stronger absorptions
in the near-ultraviolet region as well as better chemical/physical
stability than oxides. Energy transfer effects from sensitizer to
activator caused by rare-earth ions are mainly found in the obtained
photoluminescence spectra and lifetime. The interactive mechanisms
of multiple dopants are ambiguous in most cases. We adjust the doping
concentration in NaSrBO<sub>3</sub>:RE (RE = Ce<sup>3+</sup>, Tb<sup>3+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>) to study the energy transfer effects of
Ce<sup>3+</sup> to Tb<sup>3+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> by comparing
the experimental data and theoretical calculation. The vacuum-ultraviolet
experimental determination of the electronic energy levels for Ce<sup>3+</sup> and Tb<sup>3+</sup> in the borate host regarding the 4f–5d
and 4f–4f configurations are described. Evaluation of the Ce<sup>3+</sup>/Mn<sup>2+</sup> intensity ratios as a function of Mn<sup>2+</sup> concentration is based on the analysis of the luminescence
dynamical process and fluorescence lifetime measurements. The results
closely agree with those directly obtained from the emission spectra.
Density functional calculations are performed using the generalized
gradient approximation plus an on-site Coulombic interaction correction
scheme to investigate the forbidden mechanism of interatomic energy
transfer between the NaSrBO<sub>3</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup> and NaSrBO<sub>3</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> systems. Results indicate that the NaSrBO<sub>3</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup>, Tb<sup>3+</sup>, and Mn<sup>2+</sup> phosphors
can be used as a novel white-emitting component of UV radiation-excited
devices