Trilayered
Photoanode of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles
on a 1D–3D Nanostructured TiO<sub>2</sub>‑Grown Flexible
Ti Substrate for High-Efficiency (9.1%) Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
with Unprecedentedly High Photocurrent Density
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Abstract
An
engineered and optimized trilayered TiO<sub>2</sub> photoelectrode
on Ti metal substrates with synergistic effects for dye-sensitized
solar cells has been developed through the combination of one-dimensional
(1D) TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes, three-dimensional (3D) TiO<sub>2</sub> hierarchical microsized spheres, as well as zero-dimensional (0D)
nanoparticles with a large surface area. The advantages of efficient
charge-collection, light-harvesting, as well as high dye-loading capability
make it possible to achieve unprecedentedly high short-circuit photocurrent
density (17.90 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>) under back-side illumination
and thus allow us to obtain a power conversion efficiency as high
as 9.10%
