Asymmetrical Polymer Vesicles with a “Stealthy” Outer Corona and an Endosomal-Escape-Accelerating Inner Corona for Efficient Intracellular Anticancer Drug Delivery

Abstract

The efficient intracellular drug delivery is an important challenge due to the slow endocytosis and inefficient drug release of traditional delivery vehicles such as symmetrical polymer vesicles, which have the same coronas on both sides of the membrane. Presented in this paper is a noncytotoxic poly­(ethylene oxide)-<i>block</i>-poly­(caprolactone)-<i>block</i>-poly­(acrylic acid) (PEO₁₁₃-<i>b</i>-PCL₁₃₂-<i>b</i>-PAA₁₅) triblock copolymer vesicle with an asymmetrical structure. The biocompatible exterior PEO coronas are designed for stealthy drug delivery; The pH-responsive interior PAA chains are designed for rapid endosomal escape and enhanced drug loading efficiency. The hydrophobic PCL vesicle membrane is for biodegradation. Such asymmetrical polymer vesicle showed high doxorubicin (DOX) loading efficiency and good biodegradability under extracellular enzymatic conditions. Compared with three traditional symmetrical vesicles prepared from PEO₁₁₃-<i>b</i>-PCL₁₁₀, PEO₄₃-<i>b</i>-PCL₉₈-<i>b</i>-PAA₂₅, and PAA₂₁-<i>b</i>-PCL₇₅ copolymers, the DOX-loaded asymmetrical PEO₁₁₃-<i>b</i>-PCL₁₃₂-<i>b</i>-PAA₁₅ polymer vesicles exhibited rapid endocytosis rate and much faster endosomal escape ability, demonstrating promising potential applications in nanomedicine