Enhancement of the Efficiency and Stability of Organic
Photovoltaic Devices via the Addition of a Lithium-Neutralized Graphene
Oxide Electron-Transporting Layer
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Abstract
Lithium-neutralized
graphene oxide (GO-Li) was spin coated between
the photoactive layer and the metal oxide electron-transporting layer
(ETL) as an additional interlayer in organic photovoltaic devices.
The introduction of GO-Li leads to a superior interface between the
ETL and the photoactive layer. Combined with the reduced work function
(WF) of GO-Li (4.3 eV), which is a perfect match with the fullerene
acceptor material LUMO level, PCDTBT:PC<sub>71</sub>BM-based air-processed
devices with a GO-Li layer exhibited a significant enhancement in
their power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 5.51 to 6.29% (14.2%
increase over that of comparable devices without the graphene-based
interfacial layer). Furthermore, the GO-Li device exhibited stability
higher than that of the device without the interlayer due to the fact
that the GO-Li acts as an internal shield against humidity, protecting
the air sensitive polymers and improving the lifetime of the devices