Effective
Density and Morphology of Particles Emitted
from Small-Scale Combustion of Various Wood Fuels
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Abstract
The effective density
of fine particles emitted from small-scale
wood combustion of various fuels were determined with a system consisting
of an aerosol particle mass analyzer and a scanning mobility particle
sizer (APM-SMPS). A novel sampling chamber was combined to the system
to enable measurements of highly fluctuating combustion processes.
In addition, mass-mobility exponents (relates mass and mobility size)
were determined from the density data to describe the shape of the
particles. Particle size, type of fuel, combustion phase, and combustion
conditions were found to have an effect on the effective density and
the particle shape. For example, steady combustion phase produced
agglomerates with effective density of roughly 1 g cm<sup>–3</sup> for small particles, decreasing to 0.25 g cm<sup>–3</sup> for 400 nm particles. The effective density was higher for particles
emitted from glowing embers phase (ca. 1–2 g cm<sup>–3</sup>), and a clear size dependency was not observed as the particles
were nearly spherical in shape. This study shows that a single value
cannot be used for the effective density of particles emitted from
wood combustion