Synthesis and Characterization of Macroporous Photonic
Structure that Consists of Azimuthally Shifted Double-Diamond Silica
Frameworks
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Abstract
A macroporous silica with azimuthally
shifted double-diamond frameworks
has been synthesized by the self-assembly of an amphiphilic ABC triblock
terpolymer poly(<i>tert</i>-butyl acrylate)-<i>b</i>-polystyrene-<i>b</i>-poly(ethylene oxide) and silica source
in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water. The structure of the macroporous
silica consists of a porous system separated by two sets of hollow
double-diamond frameworks shifted 0.25<i>c</i> along ⟨001⟩
and adhered to each other crystallographically due to the loss of
the mutual support in the unique synthesis, forming a tetragonal structure
(space group <i>I</i>4<sub>1</sub>/<i>amd</i>).
The unit cell parameter was changed from <i>a</i> = 168
to ∼240 nm with <i>c</i> = √2<i>a</i> by tuning the synthesis condition and the wide edge of the macropore
size was ∼100 to ∼140 nm. Electron crystallography was
applied to solve the structure. Our studies demonstrate electron crystallography
is the only way to solve the complex structure in such length scale.
Besides, this structure exhibits structural color that ranged from
violet to blue from different directions with the bandgap in the visible
wavelength range, which is attributed to the structural feature of
the adhered frameworks that have lower symmetry. Calculations demonstrate
that this is a new type of photonic structure. A complete gap can
be obtained with a minimum dielectric contrast of 4.6, which is inferior
to the single diamond but superior to the single gyroid structure.
A multilayer core–shell bicontinuous microphase templating
route was speculated for the formation of the unique macroporous structure,
in which common solvent tetrahydrofuran in hydrophobic shell and selective
solvent water in hydrophilic core to enlarge each microphase sizes