The First Example of <i>ortho</i>-Arylation of Benzamides over Pd/Mesoporous Silica: A Novel Approach for Direct sp² C–H Bond Activation

Abstract

Three-dimensional mesoporous silica with a highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles composite (PS-3) catalyst has been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The PS-3 catalyst utilized for the first time as an efficient and reusable catalyst in the <i>ortho</i>-arylation of benzamides by aryl iodides has been demonstrated with the simplest amide CONH₂ as a directing group. It can be successfully applied to various benzamides and aryl iodides with both electron donating and withdrawing groups. The catalyst can be simply recovered and reused several times without significant loss in catalytic activity