Large-Area
One-Step Assembly of Three-Dimensional Porous Metal Micro/Nanocages
by Ethanol-Assisted Femtosecond Laser Irradiation for Enhanced Antireflection
and Hydrophobicity
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Abstract
The
capability to realize 2D–3D controllable metallic micro/nanostructures
is of key importance for various fields such as plasmonics, electronics,
bioscience, and chemistry due to unique properties such as electromagnetic
field enhancement, catalysis, photoemission, and conductivity. However,
most of the present techniques are limited to low-dimension (1D–2D),
small area, or single function. Here we report the assembly of self-organized
three-dimensional (3D) porous metal micro/nanocages arrays on nickel
surface by ethanol-assisted femtosecond laser irradiation. The underlying
formation mechanism was investigated by a series of femtosecond laser
irradiation under exposure time from 5 to 30 ms. We also demonstrate
the ability to control the size of micro/nanocage arrays from 0.8
to 2 μm by different laser pulse energy. This method features
rapidness (∼10 min), simplicity (one-step process), and ease
of large-area (4 cm<sup>2</sup> or more) fabrication. The 3D cagelike
micro/nanostructures exhibit not only improved antireflection from
80% to 7% but also enhanced hydrophobicity from 98.5° to 142°
without surface modification. This simple technique for 3D large-area
controllable metal microstructures will find great potential applications
in optoelectronics, physics, and chemistry