Data associated with Gobiomorus dormitor populations inhabiting blue holes in the presence and absence of fish prey. Demographic and habitat data was collected using underwater survey techniques. Diet data was collected using gastric lavage and stomach dissections. Morphology data was taken from standardized photographs of live individuals and feeding/kinematics and performance data was calculated from video-taped lab trials. See “Predicting ecological and phenotypic differentiation in the wild: a case of piscivorous fish in a fishless environment, Martin, Ryan, McGee, Matthew, Langerhans, Brian” for a detailed description of the methods